May 23 2025

Interpretation of Ethical AI Deployment under the EU AI Act

Category: AIdisc7 @ 5:39 am

Scenario: A healthcare startup in the EU develops an AI system to assist doctors in diagnosing skin cancer from images. The system uses machine learning to classify lesions as benign or malignant.

1. Risk-Based Classification

  • EU AI Act Requirement: Classify the AI system into one of four risk categories: unacceptable, high-risk, limited-risk, minimal-risk.
  • Interpretation in Scenario:
    The diagnostic system qualifies as a high-risk AI because it affects people’s health decisions, thus requiring strict compliance with specific obligations.

2. Data Governance & Quality

  • EU AI Act Requirement: High-risk AI systems must use high-quality datasets to avoid bias and ensure accuracy.
  • Interpretation in Scenario:
    The startup must ensure that training data are representative of all demographic groups (skin tones, age ranges, etc.) to reduce bias and avoid misdiagnosis.

3. Transparency & Human Oversight

  • EU AI Act Requirement: Users should be aware they are interacting with an AI system; meaningful human oversight is required.
  • Interpretation in Scenario:
    Doctors must be clearly informed that the diagnosis is AI-assisted and retain final decision-making authority. The system should offer explainability features (e.g., heatmaps on images to show reasoning).

4. Robustness, Accuracy, and Cybersecurity

  • EU AI Act Requirement: High-risk AI systems must be technically robust and secure.
  • Interpretation in Scenario:
    The AI tool must maintain high accuracy under diverse conditions and protect patient data from breaches. It should include fallback mechanisms if anomalies are detected.

5. Accountability and Documentation

  • EU AI Act Requirement: Maintain detailed technical documentation and logs to demonstrate compliance.
  • Interpretation in Scenario:
    The startup must document model architecture, training methodology, test results, and monitoring processes, and be ready to submit these to regulators if required.

6. Registration and CE Marking

  • EU AI Act Requirement: High-risk systems must be registered in an EU database and undergo conformity assessments.
  • Interpretation in Scenario:
    The startup must submit their system to a notified body, demonstrate compliance, and obtain CE marking before deployment.

AI Governance: Applying AI Policy and Ethics through Principles and Assessments

ISO/IEC 42001:2023, First Edition: Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system

ISO 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management Systems (AIMS) Implementation Guide: AIMS Framework | AI Security Standards

Businesses leveraging AI should prepare now for a future of increasing regulation.

Digital Ethics in the Age of AIĀ 

DISC InfoSec’s earlier posts on the AI topic

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Tags: Digital Ethics, EU AI Act, ISO 42001


May 22 2025

AI Data Security Report

Category: AI,data securitydisc7 @ 1:41 pm

Summary of the AI Data Security Report

The AI Data Security report, jointly authored by the NSA, CISA, FBI, and cybersecurity agencies from Australia, New Zealand, and the UK, provides comprehensive guidance on securing data throughout the AI system lifecycle. It emphasizes the critical importance of data integrity and confidentiality in ensuring the reliability of AI outcomes. The report outlines best practices such as implementing data encryption, digital signatures, provenance tracking, secure storage solutions, and establishing a robust trust infrastructure. These measures aim to protect sensitive, proprietary, or mission-critical data used in AI systems.

Key Risk Areas and Mitigation Strategies

The report identifies three primary data security risks in AI systems:

  1. Data Supply Chain Vulnerabilities: Risks associated with sourcing data from external providers, which may introduce compromised or malicious datasets.
  2. Poisoned Data: The intentional insertion of malicious data into training datasets to manipulate AI behavior.
  3. Data Drift: The gradual evolution of data over time, which can degrade AI model performance if not properly managed.

To mitigate these risks, the report recommends rigorous validation of data sources, continuous monitoring for anomalies, and regular updates to AI models to accommodate changes in data patterns.

Feedback and Observations

The report offers a timely and thorough framework for organizations to enhance the security of their AI systems. By addressing the entire data lifecycle, it underscores the necessity of integrating security measures from the initial stages of AI development through deployment and maintenance. However, the implementation of these best practices may pose challenges, particularly for organizations with limited resources or expertise in AI and cybersecurity. Therefore, additional support in the form of training, standardized tools, and collaborative initiatives could be beneficial in facilitating widespread adoption of these security measures.

For further details, access theĀ report: AI Data Security Report

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Tags: AI Data Security


May 22 2025

AI in the Legislature: Promise, Pitfalls, and the Future of Lawmaking

Category: AI,Security and privacy Lawdisc7 @ 9:00 am

Bruce Schneier’s essay, “AI-Generated Law,” delves into the emerging role of artificial intelligence in legislative processes, highlighting both its potential benefits and inherent risks. He examines global developments, such as the United Arab Emirates’ initiative to employ AI for drafting and updating laws, aiming to accelerate legislative procedures by up to 70%. This move is part of a broader strategy to transform the UAE into an “AI-native” government by 2027, with a substantial investment exceeding $3 billion. While this approach has garnered attention, it’s not entirely unprecedented. In 2023, Porto Alegre, Brazil, enacted a local ordinance on water meter replacement, drafted with the assistance of ChatGPT—a fact that was not disclosed to the council members at the time. Such instances underscore the growing trend of integrating AI into legislative functions worldwide.

Schneier emphasizes that the integration of AI into lawmaking doesn’t necessitate formal procedural changes. Legislators can independently utilize AI tools to draft bills, much like they rely on staffers or lobbyists. This democratization of legislative drafting tools means that AI can be employed at various governmental levels without institutional mandates. For example, since 2020, Ohio has leveraged AI to streamline its administrative code, eliminating approximately 2.2 million words of redundant regulations. Such applications demonstrate AI’s capacity to enhance efficiency in legislative processes.

The essay also addresses the potential pitfalls of AI-generated legislation. One concern is the phenomenon of “confabulation,” where AI systems might produce plausible-sounding but incorrect or nonsensical information. However, Schneier argues that human legislators are equally prone to errors, citing the Affordable Care Act’s near downfall due to a typographical mistake. Moreover, he points out that in non-democratic regimes, laws are often arbitrary and inhumane, regardless of whether they are drafted by humans or machines. Thus, the medium of law creation—human or AI—doesn’t inherently guarantee justice or fairness.

A significant concern highlighted is the potential for AI to exacerbate existing power imbalances. Given AI’s capabilities, there’s a risk that those in power might use it to further entrench their positions, crafting laws that serve specific interests under the guise of objectivity. This could lead to a veneer of neutrality while masking underlying biases or agendas. Schneier warns that without transparency and oversight, AI could become a tool for manipulation rather than a means to enhance democratic processes.

Despite these challenges, Schneier acknowledges the potential benefits of AI in legislative contexts. AI can assist in drafting clearer, more consistent laws, identifying inconsistencies, and ensuring grammatical precision. It can also aid in summarizing complex bills, simulating potential outcomes of proposed legislation, and providing legislators with rapid analyses of policy impacts. These capabilities can enhance the legislative process, making it more efficient and informed.

The essay underscores the inevitability of AI’s integration into lawmaking, driven by the increasing complexity of modern governance and the demand for efficiency. As AI tools become more accessible, their adoption in legislative contexts is likely to grow, regardless of formal endorsements or procedural changes. This organic integration poses questions about accountability, transparency, and the future role of human judgment in crafting laws.

In reflecting on Schneier’s insights, it’s evident that while AI offers promising tools to enhance legislative efficiency and precision, it also brings forth challenges that necessitate careful consideration. Ensuring transparency in AI-assisted lawmaking processes is paramount to maintain public trust. Moreover, establishing oversight mechanisms can help mitigate risks associated with bias or misuse. As we navigate this evolving landscape, a balanced approach that leverages AI’s strengths while safeguarding democratic principles will be crucial.

For further details, access the article here

Artificial Intelligence: Legal Issues, Policy, and Practical Strategies

AIMS and Data Governance

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Tags: #Lawmaking, AI, AI Laws, AI legislature


May 21 2025

$167 Million Ruling Against NSO Group: What It Means for Spyware and Global Security

Category: Spywaredisc7 @ 3:13 pm

$167 Million Ruling Against NSO Group: What It Means for Spyware and Global Security

1. Landmark Ruling Against NSO Group After six years of courtroom battles, a jury has delivered a powerful message: no one is above the law—not even a state-affiliated spyware vendor. NSO Group, the Israeli company behind the notorious Pegasus spyware, has been ordered to pay $167 million for illegally hacking over 1,000 individuals via WhatsApp. This penalty is the largest ever imposed in the commercial spyware sector.

2. The Pegasus Exploit NSO’s flagship product, Pegasus, exploited a vulnerability in WhatsApp to inject malicious code into users’ phones. Approximately 1,400 devices were targeted, with victims ranging from journalists and activists to dissidents and government critics across multiple countries. This massive breach sparked international outrage and legal action.

3. Violation of U.S. Law While a judge had previously ruled that NSO violated U.S. anti-hacking laws, this trial was focused on determining financial damages. In addition to the $167 million fine, the company was ordered to pay $440,000 in legal costs, signaling a strong stand against cyber intrusion under the guise of state security.

4. Courtroom Accountability This case marked the first time NSO executives were compelled to testify in court. Their defense—that selling only to governments shielded them from liability—was rejected. The court’s decision emphasized that state affiliation doesn’t grant immunity when human rights are at stake.

5. Inside NSO’s Operations Court documents revealed the scale of NSO’s operations: 140 engineers working to breach mobile devices and apps. Pegasus can extract messages, emails, images, and more—even those protected by encryption. Some attacks require no user interaction and leave virtually no trace.

6. Broader Implications for Global Security Though NSO claims its spyware isn’t deployed within the U.S., other similar tools aren’t bound by such restrictions. This underscores the urgent need for secure communication practices, especially within government institutions. Even encrypted apps like Signal are vulnerable if a device itself is compromised.

7. Opinion: The Future of Spyware and How to Contain It This ruling sets a precedent, but the fight against spyware is far from over. As demand persists, especially among authoritarian regimes, containment will require:

  • Binding international regulations on surveillance tech.
  • Increased transparency from both public and private sectors.
  • Sanctions on malicious spyware actors.
  • Wider adoption of secure, open-source platforms.

Spyware like Pegasus represents a direct threat to privacy and democratic freedoms. The NSO case proves that legal accountability is possible—and necessary. The global community must now act to ensure this isn’t a one-off, but the beginning of a new era in digital rights protection.

How a Spy in Our Pocket Threatens the End of Privacy

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Tags: NSO Group, Pegasus


May 21 2025

8 domains of CISSP

Category: CISSP,Information Securitydisc7 @ 1:24 pm

The Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification encompasses eight domains that collectively form the (ISC)² Common Body of Knowledge (CBK). These domains provide a comprehensive framework for information security professionals. Below is a summarized overview of each domain:


What are the 8 CISSP domains?

CISSP domainCurrent weighting
(effective 1 May 2021)
Revised weighting
(effective 15 April 2024)
1. Security and Risk Management15%16%
2. Asset Security10%10%
3. Security Architecture and Engineering13%13%
4. Communication and Network Security13%13%
5. Identity and Access Management (IAM)13%13%
6. Security Assessment and Testing12%12%
7. Security Operations13%13%
8. Software Development Security11%10%

We respectfully disagree with reducing the emphasis on Domain 8. In our view, it deserves equal importance alongside Domain 1.

CISSP exam preparation courseĀ covers these eight domains in depth.


1. Security and Risk Management

This domain establishes the foundational principles of information security, including confidentiality, integrity, and availability. It covers governance, compliance, risk management, and professional ethics, ensuring that security strategies align with organizational goals and legal requirements.


2. Asset Security

Focusing on the protection of organizational assets, this domain addresses the classification, ownership, and handling of information and resources. It ensures that data is appropriately labeled, stored, and protected according to its sensitivity and value.


3. Security Architecture and Engineering

This domain delves into the design and implementation of secure systems. It encompasses security models, engineering processes, and the integration of security controls into hardware, software, and network architectures to mitigate vulnerabilities.


4. Communication and Network Security

Covering the secure design and management of network infrastructures, this domain includes topics such as secure communication channels, network protocols, and the protection of data in transit. It ensures the confidentiality and integrity of information exchanged across networks.


5. Identity and Access Management (IAM)

IAM focuses on the mechanisms that control user access to information systems. It includes identification, authentication, authorization, and accountability processes to ensure that only authorized individuals can access specific resources.


6. Security Assessment and Testing

This domain emphasizes the evaluation of security controls and processes. It involves conducting assessments, audits, and testing to identify vulnerabilities, ensure compliance, and validate the effectiveness of security measures.


7. Security Operations

Focusing on the day-to-day tasks necessary to maintain and monitor security, this domain includes incident response, disaster recovery, and the management of operational security controls. It ensures the continuous protection of information systems.


8. Software Development Security

This domain addresses the integration of security practices into the software development lifecycle. It covers secure coding principles, threat modeling, and the identification and mitigation of vulnerabilities in software applications.


Each domain plays a critical role in building a comprehensive understanding of information security, preparing professionals to effectively protect and manage organizational assets.

CISSP exam preparation courseĀ covers these eight domains in depth.

Tags: CISSP exam


May 20 2025

Balancing Innovation and Risk: Navigating the Enterprise Impact of AI Agent Adoption

Category: AIdisc7 @ 3:29 pm

The rapid integration of AI agents into enterprise operations is reshaping business landscapes, offering both significant opportunities and introducing new challenges. These autonomous systems are enhancing productivity by automating complex tasks, leading to increased efficiency and innovation across various sectors. However, their deployment necessitates a reevaluation of traditional risk management approaches to address emerging vulnerabilities.

A notable surge in enterprise AI adoption has been observed, with reports indicating a 3,000% increase in AI/ML tool usage. This growth underscores the transformative potential of AI agents in streamlining operations and driving business value. Industries such as finance, manufacturing, and healthcare are at the forefront, leveraging AI for tasks ranging from fraud detection to customer service automation.

Despite the benefits, the proliferation of AI agents has led to heightened cybersecurity concerns. The same technologies that enhance efficiency are also being exploited by malicious actors to scale attacks, as seen with AI-enhanced phishing and data leakage incidents. This duality emphasizes the need for robust security measures and continuous monitoring to safeguard enterprise systems.

The integration of AI agents also brings forth challenges related to data governance and compliance. Ensuring that AI systems adhere to regulatory standards and ethical guidelines is paramount. Organizations must establish clear policies and frameworks to manage data privacy, transparency, and accountability in AI-driven processes.

Furthermore, the rapid development and deployment of AI agents can outpace an organization’s ability to implement adequate security protocols. The use of low-code tools for AI development, while accelerating innovation, may lead to insufficient testing and validation, increasing the risk of deploying agents that do not comply with security policies or regulatory requirements.

To mitigate these risks, enterprises should adopt a comprehensive approach to AI governance. This includes implementing AI Security Posture Management (AISPM) programs that ensure ethical and trusted lifecycles for AI agents. Such programs should encompass data transparency, rigorous testing, and validation processes, as well as clear guidelines for the responsible use of AI technologies.

In conclusion, while AI agents present a significant opportunity for business transformation, they also introduce complex challenges that require careful navigation. Organizations must balance the pursuit of innovation with the imperative of maintaining robust security and compliance frameworks to fully realize the benefits of AI integration.

AI agent adoption is driving increases in opportunities, threats, and IT budgets

While 79% of security leaders believe that AI agents will introduce new security and compliance challenges, 80% say AI agents will introduce new security opportunities.

AI Agents in Action

AI Governance: Applying AI Policy and Ethics through Principles and Assessments

ISO/IEC 42001:2023, First Edition: Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system

ISO 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management Systems (AIMS) Implementation Guide: AIMS Framework | AI Security Standards

Businesses leveraging AI should prepare now for a future of increasing regulation.

DISC InfoSec’s earlier posts on the AI topic

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Tags: AI Agent, AI Agents in Action


May 20 2025

Steal Now, Crack Later: The Urgency of Quantum-Safe Security

Category: Cyber resilience,Data encryptiondisc7 @ 8:29 am

The security of traditional encryption hinges on the computational difficulty of solving prime number-based mathematical problems. These problems are so complex that, with today’s computing power, deciphering encrypted data by brute force—often referred to as “killing it with iron” (KIWI)—is practically impossible. This foundational challenge has kept data secure for decades, relying not on randomness but on insurmountable workload requirements.

However, the landscape is changing rapidly with the emergence of quantum computing. Unlike classical machines, quantum computers are built for solving certain types of problems—like prime factorization—exponentially faster. This means encryption that’s currently unbreakable could soon become vulnerable. The concern isn’t theoretical; malicious actors are already collecting encrypted data, anticipating that future quantum capabilities will allow them to decrypt it later. This “steal now, crack later” approach makes today’s security obsolete in tomorrow’s quantum reality.

As quantum computing advances, the urgency to adopt quantum-safe cryptography increases. Traditional systems need to evolve quickly to defend against this new class of threats. Organizations must prepare now by evaluating whether their current cryptographic infrastructure can withstand quantum-enabled attacks. Failure to act could result in critical exposure when quantum machines become operational at scale.

Adaptability, compliance, and resilience are the new pillars of a secure, future-proof cybersecurity posture. This means not only upgrading encryption standards but also rethinking security architecture to ensure it can evolve with changing technologies. Organizations must consider how quickly and seamlessly they can shift to quantum-safe alternatives without disrupting business operations.

Importantly, the way organizations view cybersecurity must also evolve. Many still treat security as a cost center, a necessary but burdensome investment. With the rise of generative AI and quantum computing, security should instead be seen as a value creator—a foundational component of digital trust, innovation, and competitive advantage. This mindset shift is crucial to justify the investments needed to transition into a quantum-safe future.

Quantum computing is the next frontier. Sundar Pichai predicts that within 5 years, quantum will solve problems that classical computers can’t touch.

Feedback:
There is an urgent need for quantum-resilient security measures. The post successfully communicates technical risk without diving into complex math, which makes it accessible. My suggestion would be to expand slightly on practical next steps—like adopting post-quantum cryptographic algorithms (e.g., those recommended by NIST), running quantum-readiness assessments, and building awareness across leadership. Adding these elements would enhance the piece’s actionable value while reinforcing the central message.

The shift to quantum-safe standards will take several years, as the standards continue to mature and vendors gradually adopt the new technologies. It’s important to take a flexible approach and be ready to update or replace cryptographic components as needed. Adopting a hybrid strategy—combining classical and quantum-safe algorithms—can help maintain compliance with existing requirements while introducing protection against future quantum threats.

Quantum Computing and Information: A Scaffolding Approach

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Tags: Quantum computing


May 20 2025

Why Legal Teams Should Lead AI Governance: Ivanti’s Cross-Functional Approach

Category: AIdisc7 @ 8:25 am

In a recent interview with Help Net Security, Brooke Johnson, Chief Legal Counsel and SVP of HR and Security at Ivanti, emphasized the critical role of legal departments in leading AI governance within organizations. She highlighted that unmanaged use of generative AI (GenAI) tools can introduce significant risks, including data privacy violations, algorithmic bias, and ethical concerns, particularly in sensitive areas like recruitment where flawed training data can lead to discriminatory outcomes.

Johnson advocates for a cross-functional approach to AI governance, involving collaboration among legal, HR, IT, and security teams. This strategy aims to create clear, enforceable policies that enable responsible innovation without stifling progress. At Ivanti, such collaboration has led to the establishment of an AI Governance Council (AIGC), which oversees the safe and ethical use of AI tools by reviewing applications and providing guidance on acceptable use cases.

Recognizing that a significant number of employees use GenAI tools without informing management, Johnson suggests that organizations should proactively assume AI is already in use. Legal teams should lead in defining safe usage parameters and provide practical training to employees, explaining the security implications and reasons behind certain restrictions.

To ensure AI policies are effectively operationalized, Johnson recommends conducting assessments to identify current AI tool usage, developing clear and pragmatic policies, and offering vetted, secure platforms to reduce reliance on unsanctioned alternatives. She stresses that AI governance should be treated as a dynamic process, with policies evolving alongside technological advancements and emerging threats, maintained through ongoing cross-functional collaboration across departments and geographies.

Why legal must lead on AI governance before it’s too late

AI Governance: Applying AI Policy and Ethics through Principles and Assessments

ISO/IEC 42001:2023, First Edition: Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system

ISO 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management Systems (AIMS) Implementation Guide: AIMS Framework | AI Security Standards

Businesses leveraging AI should prepare now for a future of increasing regulation.

DISC InfoSec’s earlier posts on the AI topic

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Tags: AI Governance, Ivanti


May 19 2025

AI Hallucinations Are Real—And They’re a Threat to Cybersecurity

Category: AI,Cyber Threats,Threat detectiondisc7 @ 1:29 pm
wildpixel/iStock via Getty Images

AI hallucinations—instances where AI systems generate incorrect or misleading outputs—pose significant risks to cybersecurity operations. These errors can lead to the identification of non-existent vulnerabilities or misinterpretation of threat intelligence, resulting in unnecessary alerts and overlooked genuine threats. Such misdirections can divert resources from actual issues, creating new vulnerabilities and straining already limited Security Operations Center (SecOps) resources.

A particularly concerning manifestation is “package hallucinations,” where AI models suggest non-existent software packages. Attackers can exploit this by creating malicious packages with these suggested names, a tactic known as “slopsquatting.” Developers, especially those less experienced, might inadvertently incorporate these harmful packages into their systems, introducing significant security risks.

The over-reliance on AI-generated code without thorough verification exacerbates these risks. While senior developers might detect errors promptly, junior developers may lack the necessary skills to audit code effectively, increasing the likelihood of integrating flawed or malicious code into production environments. This dependency on AI outputs without proper validation can compromise system integrity.

AI can also produce fabricated threat intelligence reports. If these are accepted without cross-verification, they can misguide security teams, causing them to focus on non-existent threats while real vulnerabilities remain unaddressed. This misallocation of attention can have severe consequences for organizational security.

To mitigate these risks, experts recommend implementing structured trust frameworks around AI systems. This includes using middleware to vet AI inputs and outputs through deterministic checks and domain-specific filters, ensuring AI models operate within defined boundaries aligned with enterprise security needs.

Traceability is another critical component. All AI-generated responses should include metadata detailing source context, model version, prompt structure, and timestamps. This information facilitates faster audits and root cause analyses when inaccuracies occur, enhancing accountability and control over AI outputs.

Furthermore, employing Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) can ground AI outputs in verified data sources, reducing the likelihood of hallucinations. Incorporating hallucination detection tools during testing phases and defining acceptable risk thresholds before deployment are also essential strategies. By embedding trust, traceability, and control into AI deployment, organizations can balance innovation with accountability, minimizing the operational impact of AI hallucinations.

Source: AI hallucinations and their risk to cybersecurity operations

Suggestions to counter AI hallucinations in cybersecurity operations:

  1. Human-in-the-loop (HITL): Always involve expert review for AI-generated outputs.
  2. Use Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG): Ground AI responses in verified, real-time data.
  3. Implement Guardrails: Apply domain-specific filters and deterministic rules to constrain outputs.
  4. Traceability: Log model version, prompts, and context for every AI response to aid audits.
  5. Test for Hallucinations: Include hallucination detection in model testing and validation pipelines.
  6. Set Risk Thresholds: Define acceptable error boundaries before deployment.
  7. Educate Users: Train users—especially junior staff—on verifying and validating AI outputs.
  8. Code Scanning Tools: Integrate static and dynamic code analysis tools to catch issues early.

These steps can reduce reliance on AI alone and embed trust, verification, and control into its use.

AI HALLUCINATION DEFENSE : Building Robust and Reliable Artificial Intelligence Systems

Why GenAI SaaS is insecure and how to secure it

Generative AI Security: Theories and Practices

Step-by-Step: Build an Agent on AWS Bedrock

From Oversight to Override: Enforcing AI Safety Through Infrastructure

The Strategic Synergy: ISO 27001 and ISO 42001 – A New Era in Governance

ISO/IEC 42001:2023, First Edition: Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system

ISO 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management Systems (AIMS) Implementation Guide: AIMS Framework | AI Security Standards

Businesses leveraging AI should prepare now for a future of increasing regulation.

DISC InfoSec’s earlier posts on the AI topic

InfoSec services | InfoSec books | Follow our blog | DISC llc is listed on The vCISO Directory | ISO 27k Chat bot | Comprehensive vCISO Services | ISMS Services | Security Risk Assessment Services

Tags: AI HALLUCINATION DEFENSE, AI Hallucinations


May 18 2025

Why GenAI SaaS is insecure and how to secure it

Category: AI,Cloud computingdisc7 @ 8:54 am

Many believe that Generative AI Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) tools, such as ChatGPT, are insecure because they train on user inputs and can retain data indefinitely. While these concerns are valid, there are ways to mitigate the risks, such as opting out, using enterprise versions, or implementing zero data retention (ZDR) policies. Self-hosting models also has its own challenges, such as cloud misconfigurations that can lead to data breaches.

The key to addressing AI security concerns is to adopt a balanced, risk-based approach that considers security, compliance, privacy, and business needs. It is crucial to avoid overcompensating for SaaS risks by inadvertently turning your organization into a data center company.

Another common myth is that organizations should start their AI program with security tools. While tools can be helpful, they should be implemented after establishing a solid foundation, such as maintaining an asset inventory, classifying data, and managing vendors.

Some organizations believe that once they have an AI governance committee, their work is done. However, this is a misconception. Committees can be helpful if structured correctly, with clear decision authority, an established risk appetite, and hard limits on response times.

If an AI governance committee turns into a debating club and cannot make decisions, it can hinder innovation. To avoid this, consider assigning AI risk management (but not ownership) to a single business unit before establishing a committee.

It is essential to re-evaluate your beliefs about AI governance if they are not serving your organization effectively. Common mistakes companies make in this area will be discussed further in the future.

GenAI is insecure because it trains on user inputs and can retain data indefinitely, posing risks to data privacy and security. To secure GenAI, organizations should adopt a balanced, risk-based approach that incorporates security, compliance, privacy, and business needs (AIMS). This can be achieved through measures such as opting out of data retention, using enterprise versions with enhanced security features, implementing zero data retention policies, or self-hosting models with proper cloud security configurations.

Generative AI Security: Theories and Practices

Step-by-Step: Build an Agent on AWS Bedrock

From Oversight to Override: Enforcing AI Safety Through Infrastructure

The Strategic Synergy: ISO 27001 and ISO 42001 – A New Era in Governance

ISO/IEC 42001:2023, First Edition: Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system

ISO 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management Systems (AIMS) Implementation Guide: AIMS Framework | AI Security Standards

Businesses leveraging AI should prepare now for a future of increasing regulation.

DISC InfoSec’s earlier posts on theĀ AI topic

InfoSec services | InfoSec books | Follow our blog | DISC llc is listed on The vCISO Directory | ISO 27k Chat bot | Comprehensive vCISO Services | ISMS Services | Security Risk Assessment Services

Tags: GenAI, Generative AI Security, InsecureGenAI, saas


May 17 2025

🔧 Step-by-Step: Build an Agent on AWS Bedrock

Category: AI,Information Securitydisc7 @ 10:28 pm

AWS diagram depicts a high-level architecture of this solution.

1. Prerequisites

  • AWS account with access to Amazon Bedrock
  • IAM permissions to use Bedrock, Lambda (if using function calls), and optionally Amazon S3, DynamoDB, etc.
  • A foundation model enabled in your region (e.g., Claude, Titan, Mistral, etc.)

2. Create a Bedrock Agent

Go to the Amazon Bedrock Console > Agents.

  1. Create Agent
    • Name your agent.
    • Choose a foundation model (e.g., Claude 3 or Amazon Titan).
    • Add a brief description or instructions (this becomes part of the system prompt).
  2. Add Knowledge Bases (Optional)
    • Create or attach a knowledge base if you want RAG (retrieval augmented generation).
    • Can point to documents in S3 or other sources.
  3. Add Action Groups (for calling APIs)
    • Define an action group (e.g., ā€œCheck Order Statusā€).
    • Choose Lambda function or provide OpenAPI spec for the backend service.
    • Bedrock will automatically generate function-calling logic.
    • Test with sample input/output.
  4. Configure Agent Behavior
    • Define how the agent should respond, fallback handling, and if it can make external calls.

3. Test the Agent

  • Use the Test Chat interface in the console.
  • Check:
    • Is the agent following instructions?
    • Are API calls being made when expected?
    • Is RAG retrieval working?

4. Deploy the Agent

  1. Create an alias (like a version)
  2. Use the InvokeAgent API or integrate with your app via:
    • SDK (Boto3, JavaScript, etc.)
    • API Gateway + Lambda combo
    • Amazon Lex (for voice/chat interfaces)


5. Monitor and Improve

  • Review logs in CloudWatch.
  • Fine-tune prompts or API integration as needed.
  • You can version prompts and knowledge base settings.

🛡️ Use Case: AI Compliance Assistant for GRC Teams

Goal

Automate compliance queries, risk assessments, and control mapping using a Bedrock agent with knowledge base and API access.


🔍 Scenario

An enterprise GRC team wants an internal agent to:

  • Answer policy & framework questions (e.g., ISO 27001, NIST, SOC 2).
  • Map controls to compliance frameworks.
  • Summarize audit reports or findings.
  • Automate evidence collection from ticketing tools (e.g., JIRA, ServiceNow).
  • Respond to internal team queries (e.g., ā€œWhat’s the risk rating for asset X?ā€).

🔧 How to Build

1. Foundation Model

Use Anthropic Claude 3 (strong for reasoning and document analysis).

2. Knowledge Base

Load:

  • Security policies and procedures (PDFs, Word, CSV in S3).
  • Framework documentation mappings (ISO 27001 controls vs NIST CSF).
  • Audit logs, historical risk registers, previous assessments.

3. Action Group (Optional)

Integrate with:

  • JIRA API – pull compliance ticket status.
  • ServiceNow – fetch incident/evidence records.
  • Custom Lambda – query internal risk register or control catalog.

4. System Prompt Example

You are a compliance assistant for the InfoSec GRC team. 
You help answer questions about controls, risks, frameworks, and policy alignment. 
Always cite your source if available. If unsure, respond with "I need more context."

💡 Sample User Prompts

  • ā€œMap access control policies to NIST CSF.ā€
  • ā€œWhat evidence do we have for control A.12.1.2?ā€
  • ā€œList open compliance tasks from JIRA.ā€
  • ā€œSummarize findings from the last SOC 2 audit.ā€

🧩 What It Does

The Bedrock Agent helps GRC teams and auditors by:

  1. Answering ISO 27001 control questions
    • ā€œWhat’s required for A.12.4.1 – Event logging?ā€
    • ā€œDo we need an anti-malware policy for A.12.2.1?ā€
  2. Mapping controls to internal policies or procedures
    • ā€œMap A.13.2.1 to our remote access policy.ā€
  3. Fetching evidence from internal systems
    • Via Lambda/API to JIRA, Confluence, or SharePoint.
  4. Generating readiness assessments
    • Agent uses a questionnaire format to determine compliance status by engaging the user.
  5. Creating audit-ready reports
    • Summarizes what controls are implemented, partially implemented, or missing.

🔗 Agent Architecture

Components:

  • Foundation Model: Claude 3 on Bedrock (contextual QA and reasoning)
  • Knowledge Base:
    • ISO 27001 control descriptions
    • Your org’s InfoSec policies (in S3)
    • Control mappings (CSV or JSON in S3)
  • Action Group / Lambda:
    • Integrate with ticketing (JIRA)
    • Evidence retrieval
    • Risk register querying

🗂️ Example Interaction

User:
ā€œWhat controls address vendor management in ISO 27001?ā€

Agent:
ā€œClause A.15 covers supplier relationships. Specifically:

  • A.15.1.1 requires information security policy for supplier relationships.
  • A.15.2.2 requires monitoring and review of supplier services.

Our ā€˜Third-Party Risk Management Policy’ maps to these controls. Would you like to see the last vendor assessment from JIRA?ā€

🧠 Bonus: Prompt for the Agent

You are an ISO 27001 compliance analyst. Your task is to help the GRC team interpret ISO controls, map them to our internal documents, and assist with evidence collection for audits. Be accurate and concise. If a control is not implemented, offer suggestions.

What are the benefits of using AI agent in GRC field

The use of AI agents in the Governance, Risk, and Compliance (GRC) field can provide several benefits, including:

  1. Automated Monitoring and Reporting: AI agents can continuously monitor various data sources, such as financial records, operational logs, and regulatory updates, to identify potential risks and compliance issues. This automated monitoring can help organizations stay up-to-date with changing regulations and promptly address any non-compliance or risk areas.
  2. Risk Analysis and Prediction: AI algorithms can analyze vast amounts of data and identify patterns that may indicate potential risks. By leveraging machine learning techniques, AI agents can predict future risks based on historical data and current trends, enabling organizations to take proactive measures to mitigate or prevent those risks.
  3. Compliance Management: AI agents can assist in interpreting and understanding complex regulatory requirements, ensuring that organizations remain compliant with relevant laws, regulations, and industry standards. They can also automate compliance processes, such as policy management, control testing, and reporting, reducing the risk of human error and increasing efficiency.
  4. Fraud Detection: AI algorithms can analyze transaction data, user behavior, and other relevant information to identify anomalies or patterns that may indicate fraudulent activities. This can help organizations detect and respond to fraud more quickly, minimizing financial losses and reputational damage.
  5. Continuous Improvement: AI agents can learn from the data they analyze and the actions taken by human experts, enabling them to continuously refine their models and improve their decision-making capabilities over time. This allows organizations to benefit from a constantly evolving and adapting GRC framework.
  6. Scalability and Efficiency: AI agents can process and analyze large volumes of data much faster and more efficiently than humans, enabling organizations to scale their GRC efforts without significantly increasing costs or resources.
  7. Centralized GRC Management: AI agents can provide a centralized platform for managing and integrating various GRC processes, enabling better collaboration, data sharing, and decision-making across different departments and functions within an organization.

While AI agents can provide significant benefits in the GRC field, it is important to note that they should be used in combination with human expertise and oversight. AI should not be viewed as a complete replacement for human decision-making but rather as a powerful tool to augment and enhance GRC processes.

What are the benefits of using AI agent in document management field

The use of AI agents in the document management field can provide several benefits, including:

  1. Automated document classification and categorization: AI agents can analyze the content of documents and automatically classify them based on predefined rules or machine learning models, making it easier to organize and retrieve relevant information.
  2. Intelligent search and retrieval: AI agents can improve search capabilities by understanding the context and semantics of documents, enabling more accurate and relevant search results.
  3. Extraction of key information: AI agents can be trained to extract specific types of information from documents, such as dates, names, addresses, or key phrases, which can be useful for various business processes or analytics.
  4. Data entry automation: AI agents can be employed to automatically extract data from documents and populate fields in databases or other systems, reducing the need for manual data entry and minimizing errors.
  5. Intelligent document routing and workflow management: AI agents can analyze the content of documents and automatically route them to the appropriate individuals or departments based on predefined rules or workflows, streamlining business processes.
  6. Compliance and risk management: AI agents can be trained to identify sensitive or confidential information in documents and apply appropriate access controls or redaction measures, helping organizations comply with regulations and mitigate risks.
  7. Intelligent document summarization: AI agents can automatically generate summaries or abstracts of lengthy documents, saving time and effort for users who need to quickly understand the key points.
  8. Automatic language translation: AI agents can translate documents from one language to another, facilitating cross-language communication and collaboration.
  9. Improved user experience: AI agents can provide intelligent suggestions, contextual guidance, or virtual assistance to users, enhancing their experience with document management systems.

Overall, the integration of AI agents in document management can lead to increased efficiency, improved accuracy, better organization, enhanced security, and more effective utilization of information resources within an organization.

What are the benefits of using AI agent in merger and acquisition field

The use of AI agents in the merger and acquisition (M&A) field can provide several benefits, including:

  1. Due diligence acceleration: AI agents can help streamline the due diligence process by rapidly analyzing large volumes of data, such as financial statements, contracts, and legal documents. This can help identify potential risks or opportunities more efficiently, saving time and resources.
  2. Target identification: AI algorithms can be trained to identify potential acquisition targets based on specific criteria, such as financial performance, market positioning, and strategic fit. This can help companies identify attractive targets more effectively and make informed decisions.
  3. Valuation analysis: AI agents can assist in valuing target companies by analyzing various financial and operational data points, as well as market trends and industry benchmarks. This can help companies make more accurate valuations and negotiate better deals.
  4. Integration planning: AI can be used to analyze the compatibility of systems, processes, and cultures between the acquiring and target companies. This can help identify potential integration challenges and develop strategies to address them, facilitating a smoother transition after the merger or acquisition.
  5. Synergy identification: AI algorithms can help identify potential synergies and cost-saving opportunities by analyzing data from both companies and identifying areas of overlap or complementarity. This can help maximize the value creation potential of the deal.
  6. Regulatory compliance: AI agents can assist in ensuring compliance with relevant regulations and laws during the M&A process by analyzing legal documents, contracts, and other relevant data.
  7. Predictive modeling: AI can be used to develop predictive models that estimate the potential outcomes and risks associated with a particular M&A transaction. This can help companies make more informed decisions and better manage risks.

It’s important to note that while AI agents can provide valuable insights and support, human expertise and decision-making remain crucial in the M&A process. AI should be used as a complementary tool to augment and enhance the capabilities of M&A professionals, rather than as a complete replacement.

Generative AI with Amazon Bedrock: Build, scale, and secure generative AI applications using Amazon Bedrock

Build a foundation model (FM) powered customer service bot with Amazon Bedrock agents

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Tags: Agent, AWS Bedrock, GenAI


May 16 2025

C-I-A + 2: The Full Spectrum of Information Security

Category: Information Securitydisc7 @ 8:43 am

The five pillars of information security form the foundation for designing and evaluating security policies, systems, and processes. In a world driven by AI, the pillars of information security remain essential…


1. Confidentiality

Definition: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
Goal: Prevent unauthorized disclosure of data.
Controls & Examples:

  • Encryption (e.g., AES for data at rest or TLS for data in transit)
  • Access controls (e.g., role-based access, multifactor authentication)
  • Data classification and labeling
  • VPNs for secure remote access


2. Integrity

Definition: Assuring the accuracy and completeness of data and system configurations.
Goal: Prevent unauthorized modification or destruction of information.
Controls & Examples:

  • Hashing (e.g., SHA-256 to verify file integrity)
  • Digital signatures
  • Audit logs
  • File integrity monitoring systems


3. Availability

Definition: Ensuring that information and systems are accessible to authorized users when needed.
Goal: Minimize downtime and ensure reliable access to critical systems.
Controls & Examples:

  • Redundant systems and failover clusters
  • Backup and disaster recovery plans
  • Denial-of-service (DoS) protection
  • Regular patching and maintenance


4. Authenticity

Definition: Verifying that users, systems, and data are genuine.
Goal: Ensure that communications and data originate from a trusted source.
Controls & Examples:

  • Digital certificates and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
  • Two-factor authentication
  • Biometric verification
  • Secure protocols like SSH, HTTPS


5. Non-repudiation

Definition: Ensuring that a party in a communication cannot deny the authenticity of their signature or the sending of a message.
Goal: Provide proof of origin and integrity to avoid disputes.
Controls & Examples:

  • Digital signatures with timestamps
  • Immutable audit logs
  • Secure email with signing and logging
  • Blockchain-based verification in advanced systems

Together, these five pillars help protect the confidentiality, accuracy, reliability, authenticity, and accountability of information systems and are essential for any organization’s risk management strategy.

Foundations of Information Security

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Tags: CIA, Information Security


May 15 2025

From Oversight to Override: Enforcing AI Safety Through Infrastructure

Category: AI,Information Securitydisc7 @ 9:57 am

You can’t have AI without an IA

As AI systems become increasingly integrated into critical sectors such as finance, healthcare, and defense, their unpredictable and opaque behavior introduces significant risks to society. Traditional safety protocols may not be sufficient to manage the potential threats posed by highly advanced AI, especially those capable of causing existential harm. To address this, researchers propose Guillotine, a hypervisor-based architecture designed to securely sandbox powerful AI models.

Guillotine leverages established virtualization techniques but also introduces fundamentally new isolation strategies tailored for AI with existential-risk potential. Unlike typical software, such AI may attempt to analyze and subvert the very systems meant to contain them. This requires a deep co-design of hypervisor software with the underlying hardware—CPU, memory, network interfaces, and storage—to prevent side-channel leaks and eliminate avenues for reflective exploitation.

Beyond technical isolation, Guillotine incorporates physical fail-safes inspired by systems in nuclear power plants and aviation. These include hardware-level disconnection mechanisms and even radical approaches like data center flooding to forcibly shut down or destroy rogue AI. These physical controls offer a final layer of defense should digital barriers fail.

The underlying concern is that many current AI safety frameworks rely on policy rather than technical enforcement. As AI becomes more capable, it may learn to bypass or manipulate these soft controls. Guillotine directly confronts this problem by embedding enforcement into the architecture itself—creating systems that can’t be talked out of enforcing the rules.

In essence, Guillotine represents a shift from trust-based AI safety toward hardened, tamper-resistant infrastructure. It acknowledges that if AI is to be trusted with mission-critical roles—or if it poses existential threats—we must engineer control systems with the same rigor and physical safeguards used in other high-risk industries.

Ā Guillotine: Hypervisors for Isolating Malicious AIs.

Googleā€˜s AI-Powered Countermeasures Against Cyber Scams

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InfoSec servicesĀ |Ā InfoSec booksĀ |Ā Follow our blogĀ |Ā DISC llc is listed on The vCISO DirectoryĀ |Ā ISO 27k Chat botĀ |Ā Comprehensive vCISO ServicesĀ |Ā ISMS ServicesĀ |Ā Security Risk Assessment Services

Tags: AIMS, AISafety, artificial intelligence, Enforcing AI Safety, GuillotineAI, information architecture, ISO 42001


May 15 2025

CoinbaseĀ data breach highlights significant vulnerabilities in the cryptocurrency industry

Coinbase‘s recent data breach, estimated to cost between $180 million and $400 million, wasn’t caused by a technological failure, but rather by a sophisticated social engineering attack. Cybercriminals bribed offshore support agents to obtain sensitive customer data, including personally identifiable information (PII), government IDs, bank details, and account information.

This highlights a critical breakdown inĀ Coinbase‘s internal security, specifically in access control and oversight of its contractors. No cryptocurrency was stolen directly, but the exposure of such sensitive data poses significant risks to affected customers, including identity theft and financial fraud. The financial repercussions forĀ CoinbaseĀ are substantial, encompassing remediation costs and customer reimbursements. The incident raises serious questions about the security practices within the cryptocurrency industry and whether the term “innovation” appropriately describes practices that expose users to such significant risks.

Impact and Fallout

While no cryptocurrency was stolen, the breach exposed sensitive customer information, such as names, bank account numbers, and routing numbers . This exposure poses risks of identity theft and fraud. Coinbase has estimated potential costs for cleanup and customer reimbursements to be between $180 million and $400 million. The breach has also led to increased regulatory scrutiny and potential legal challenges .

Broader Implications

This incident highlights a critical issue in the crypto industry: the reliance on human factors and inadequate security training. Despite advanced technological safeguards, human error remains a significant vulnerability. The breach was not due to a failure in technology but rather a breakdown in trust, access control, and oversight. It raises questions about the industry’s approach to security and whether current practices are sufficient to protect users .

Moving Forward

The Coinbase breach serves as a wake-up call for the crypto industry to reevaluate its security protocols, particularly concerning employee training and access controls. It underscores the need for robust security measures that address not only technological vulnerabilities but also human factors. As the industry continues to evolve, prioritizing comprehensive security strategies will be essential to maintain user trust and ensure the integrity of crypto platforms.

The scale of the breach and its potential long-term consequences for customers and the reputation ofĀ CoinbaseĀ are considerable, prompting discussions about necessary improvements in security protocols and regulatory oversight within the cryptocurrency space.

Coinbase faces $400M bill after insider phishing attack

Here are some countermeasures to prevent similar incidents from happening again.

To prevent future breaches like the recent Coinbase incident, a multi-pronged approach is necessary, focusing on both technological and human factors. Here’s a breakdown of potential countermeasures:

Enhanced Security Measures:

  • Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Implement robust MFA across all systems and accounts, making it mandatory for all employees and contractors. This adds an extra layer of security, making it significantly harder for unauthorized individuals to access accounts, even if they obtain credentials.
  • Zero Trust Security Model: Adopt a zero-trust architecture, assuming no user or device is inherently trustworthy. This involves verifying every access request, regardless of origin, using continuous authentication and authorization mechanisms.
  • Regular Security Audits and Penetration Testing: Conduct frequent and thorough security audits and penetration testing to identify and address vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. These assessments should cover all systems, applications, and infrastructure components.
  • Employee Training and Awareness Programs: Implement comprehensive security awareness training programs for all employees and contractors. This should cover topics like phishing scams, social engineering tactics, and safe password practices. Regular refresher courses are essential to maintain vigilance.
  • Access Control and Privileged Access Management (PAM): Implement strict access control policies, limiting access to sensitive data and systems based on the principle of least privilege. Use PAM solutions to manage and monitor privileged accounts, ensuring that only authorized personnel can access critical systems.
  • Data Loss Prevention (DLP): Deploy DLP tools to monitor and prevent sensitive data from leaving the organization’s control. This includes monitoring data transfers, email communications, and cloud storage access.
  • Blockchain-Based Security Solutions: Explore the use of blockchain technology to enhance security. This could involve using blockchain for identity verification, secure data storage, and tamper-proof audit trails.
  • Threat Intelligence and Monitoring: Leverage threat intelligence feeds and security information and event management (SIEM) systems to proactively identify and respond to potential threats. This allows for early detection of suspicious activity and enables timely intervention.

Improved Contractor Management:

  • Background Checks and Vetting: Conduct thorough background checks and vetting processes for all contractors, particularly those with access to sensitive data. This should include verifying their identity, credentials, and past employment history.
  • Contractual Obligations: Clearly define security responsibilities and liabilities in contracts with contractors. Include clauses outlining penalties for data breaches and non-compliance with security policies.
  • Regular Monitoring and Oversight: Implement robust monitoring and oversight mechanisms to track contractor activity and ensure compliance with security protocols. This could involve regular audits, access reviews, and performance evaluations.
  • Secure Communication Channels: Ensure that all communication with contractors is conducted through secure channels, such as encrypted email and messaging systems.

Regulatory Compliance:

  • Adherence to Data Protection Regulations: Strictly adhere to relevant data protection regulations, such as GDPR and CCPA, to ensure compliance with legal requirements and protect customer data.

By implementing these countermeasures, organizations can significantly reduce their risk of experiencing similar breaches and protect sensitive customer data.

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InfoSec servicesĀ |Ā InfoSec booksĀ |Ā Follow our blogĀ |Ā DISC llc is listed on The vCISO DirectoryĀ |Ā ISO 27k Chat botĀ |Ā Comprehensive vCISO ServicesĀ |Ā ISMS ServicesĀ |Ā Security Risk Assessment Services

Tags: Coinbase, cryptocurrency


May 13 2025

AI is Powerful—But Risky. ISO/IEC 42001 Can Help You Govern It

Category: Information Security,ISO 27kdisc7 @ 2:56 pm

Managing AI Risks: A Strategic Imperative – responsibility and disruption must
coexist

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming sectors across the board—from healthcare and finance to manufacturing and logistics. While its potential to drive innovation and efficiency is clear, AI also introduces complex risks that can impact fairness, transparency, security, and compliance. To ensure these technologies are used responsibly, organizations must implement structured governance mechanisms to manage AI-related risks proactively.

Understanding the Key Risks

Unchecked AI systems can lead to serious problems. Biases embedded in training data can produce discriminatory outcomes. Many models function as opaque ā€œblack boxes,ā€ making their decisions difficult to explain or audit. Security threats like adversarial attacks and data poisoning also pose real dangers. Additionally, with evolving regulations like the EU AI Act, non-compliance could result in significant penalties and reputational harm. Perhaps most critically, failure to demonstrate transparency and accountability can erode public trust, undermining long-term adoption and success.

ISO/IEC 42001: A Framework for Responsible AI

To address these challenges, ISO/IEC 42001—the first international AI management system standard—offers a structured, auditable framework. Published in 2023, it helps organizations govern AI responsibly, much like ISO 27001 does for information security. It supports a risk-based approach that accounts for ethical, legal, and societal expectations.

Key Components of ISO/IEC 42001

  • Contextual Risk Assessment: Tailors risk management to the organization’s specific environment, mission, and stakeholders.
  • Defined Governance Roles: Assigns clear responsibilities for managing AI systems.
  • Life Cycle Risk Management: Addresses AI risks across development, deployment, and ongoing monitoring.
  • Ethics and Transparency: Encourages fairness, explainability, and human oversight.
  • Continuous Improvement: Promotes regular reviews and updates to stay aligned with technological and regulatory changes.

Benefits of Certification

Pursuing ISO 42001 certification helps organizations preempt security, operational, and legal risks. It also enhances credibility with customers, partners, and regulators by demonstrating a commitment to responsible AI. Moreover, as regulations tighten, ISO 42001 provides a compliance-ready foundation. The standard is scalable, making it practical for both startups and large enterprises, and it can offer a competitive edge during audits, procurement processes, and stakeholder evaluations.

Practical Steps to Get Started

To begin implementing ISO 42001:

  • Inventory your existing AI systems and assess their risk profiles.
  • Identify governance and policy gaps against the standard’s requirements.
  • Develop policies focused on fairness, transparency, and accountability.
  • Train teams on responsible AI practices and ethical considerations.

Final Recommendation

AI is no longer optional—it’s embedded in modern business. But its power demands responsibility. Adopting ISO/IEC 42001 enables organizations to build AI systems that are secure, ethical, and aligned with regulatory expectations. Managing AI risk effectively isn’t just about compliance—it’s about building systems people can trust.

The Strategic Synergy: ISO 27001 and ISO 42001 – A New Era in Governance

The 12–24 Month Timeline Is Logical

Planning AI compliance within the next 12–24 months reflects:

  • The time needed to inventory AI use, assess risk, and integrate policies
  • The emerging maturity of frameworks like ISO 42001, NIST AI RMF, and others
  • The expectation that vendors will demand AI assurance from partners by 2026

Companies not planning to do anything (the 6%) are likely in less regulated sectors or unaware of the pace of change. But even that 6% will feel pressure from insurers, regulators, and B2B customers.

Here are the Top 7 GenAI Security Practices that organizations should adopt to protect their data, users, and reputation when deploying generative AI tools:


1. Data Input Sanitization

  • Why: Prevent leakage of sensitive or confidential data into prompts.
  • How: Strip personally identifiable information (PII), secrets, and proprietary info before sending input to GenAI models.


2. Model Output Filtering

  • Why: Avoid toxic, biased, or misleading content from being released to end users.
  • How: Use automated post-processing filters and human review where necessary to validate output.


3. Access Controls & Authentication

  • Why: Prevent unauthorized use of GenAI systems, especially those integrated with sensitive internal data.
  • How: Enforce least privilege access, strong authentication (MFA), and audit logs for traceability.


4. Prompt Injection Defense

  • Why: Attackers can manipulate model behavior through cleverly crafted prompts.
  • How: Sanitize user input, use system-level guardrails, and test for injection vulnerabilities during development.


5. Data Provenance & Logging

  • Why: Maintain accountability for both input and output for auditing, compliance, and incident response.
  • How: Log inputs, model configurations, and outputs with timestamps and user attribution.


6. Secure Model Hosting & APIs

  • Why: Prevent model theft, abuse, or tampering via insecure infrastructure.
  • How: Use secure APIs (HTTPS, rate limiting), encrypt models at rest/in transit, and monitor for anomalies.


7. Regular Testing and Red-Teaming

  • Why: Proactively identify weaknesses before adversaries exploit them.
  • How: Conduct adversarial testing, red-teaming exercises, and use third-party GenAI security assessment tools.

ISO/IEC 42001:2023, First Edition: Information technology – Artificial intelligence – Management system

ISO 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management Systems (AIMS) Implementation Guide: AIMS Framework | AI Security Standards

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DISC InfoSec’s earlier post on the AI topic

Feel free to get in touch if you have any questions about the ISO 42001 Internal audit or certification process.

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ā€œAI Regulation: Global Challenges and Opportunitiesā€

InfoSec services | InfoSec books | Follow our blog | DISC llc is listed on The vCISO Directory | ISO 27k Chat bot | Comprehensive vCISO Services | ISMS Services | Security Risk Assessment Services

Tags: AIMS, Governance, ISO 42001


May 13 2025

Becoming a Complete vCISO: Driving Maximum Value and Business Alignment

Category: CISO,vCISOdisc7 @ 10:13 am

As cyber threats become more frequent and complex, many small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) find themselves unable to afford a full-time Chief Information Security Officer (CISO). Enter the Virtual CISO (vCISO)—a flexible, cost-effective solution that’s rapidly gaining traction. For Managed Service Providers (MSPs) and Managed Security Service Providers (MSSPs), offering vCISO services isn’t just a smart move—it’s a major business opportunity.

Why vCISO Services Are Gaining Ground

With cybersecurity becoming a top priority across industries, demand for expert guidance is soaring. Many MSPs have started offering partial vCISO services—helping with compliance or risk assessments. But those who provide comprehensive vCISO offerings, including security strategy, policy development, board-level reporting, and incident management, are reaping higher revenues and deeper client trust.

The CISO’s Critical Role

A traditional CISO wears many hats: managing cyber risk, setting security strategies, ensuring compliance, and overseeing incident response and vendor risk. They also liaise with leadership, align IT with business goals, and handle regulatory requirements like GDPR and HIPAA. With experienced CISOs in short supply and expensive to hire, vCISOs are filling the gap—especially for SMBs.

Why MSPs Are Perfectly Positioned

Most SMBs don’t have a dedicated internal cybersecurity leader. That’s where MSPs and MSSPs come in. Offering vCISO services allows them to tap into recurring revenue streams, enter new markets, and deepen client relationships. By going beyond reactive services and offering proactive, executive-level security guidance, MSPs can differentiate themselves in a crowded field.

Delivering Full vCISO Services: What It Takes

To truly deliver on the vCISO promise, providers must cover end-to-end services—from risk assessments and strategy setting to business continuity planning and compliance. A solid starting point is a thorough risk assessment that informs a strategic cybersecurity roadmap aligned with business priorities and budget constraints.

It’s About Action, Not Just Advice

A vCISO isn’t just a strategist—they’re also responsible for guiding implementation. This includes deploying controls like MFA and EDR tools, conducting vulnerability scans, and ensuring backups and disaster recovery plans are robust. Data protection, archiving, and secure disposal are also critical to safeguarding digital assets.

Educating and Enabling Everyone

Cybersecurity is a team sport. That’s why training and awareness programs are key vCISO responsibilities. From employee phishing simulations to executive-level briefings, vCISOs ensure everyone understands their role in protecting the business. Meanwhile, increasing compliance demands—from clients and regulators alike—make vCISO support in this area invaluable.

Planning for the Worst: Incident & Vendor Risk Management

Every business will face a cyber incident eventually. A strong incident response plan is essential, as is regular practice via tabletop exercises. Additionally, third-party vendors represent growing attack vectors. vCISOs are tasked with managing this risk, ensuring vendors follow strict access and authentication protocols.

Scale Smart with Automation

With the rise of automation and the widespread emergence of agentic AI, are you prepared to navigate this disruption responsibly? Providing all these services can be daunting—especially for smaller providers. That’s where platforms like Cynomi come in. By automating time-consuming tasks like assessments, policy creation, and compliance mapping, Cynomi enables MSPs and MSSPs to scale their vCISO services without hiring more staff. It’s a game-changer for those ready to go all-in on vCISO.


Conclusion:
Delivering full vCISO services isn’t easy—but the payoff is big. With the right approach and tools, MSPs and MSSPs can offer high-value, scalable cybersecurity leadership to clients who desperately need it. For those ready to lead the charge, the time to act is now.

DISC Infosec vCISO Services

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DISC InfoSec offer free initial high level assessment – Based on your needs DISC InfoSec offer ongoing compliance management or vCISO retainer.

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Tags: Fractional CISO, vCISO, vCISO services


May 12 2025

Historical data on the number of ISO/IEC 27001 certifications by country across the Globe

Category: ISO 27kdisc7 @ 10:03 am

ISO/IEC 27001 certifications by country worldwide reveals significant trends in information security management. Here’s a comprehensive overview based on the latest available information:

Key Insights on ISO/IEC 27001 Certifications Globally

  1. Global Trends:
    • The number of ISO/IEC 27001 certifications has been steadily increasing, reflecting a growing emphasis on information security across various sectors.
    • Countries with robust technology sectors and regulatory frameworks tend to have higher certification numbers.
  2. Top Countries by Certifications:
    • China: Leads the world with the highest number of ISO/IEC 27001 certifications, driven by its vast technology and manufacturing sectors.
    • Japan: Consistently ranks high, showcasing a strong commitment to information security.
    • United Kingdom: A significant player in the certification landscape, particularly in finance and technology.
    • India: Rapid growth in certifications, especially in IT and service industries.
    • Italy: Notable for its increasing number of certifications, particularly in the manufacturing and service sectors.

the top ten countries with the most ISO/IEC 27001 certifications based on the latest available data:

RankCountryNumber of Certifications
1China295,501
2Japan20,892
3Italy20,294
4United Kingdom18,717
5Spain14,778
6South Korea13,439
7Germany13,383
8India12,562
9France10,000
10Brazil9,500

  1. Historical Data Overview:
    • The ISO Survey provides annual updates on the number of valid certificates issued for various ISO management standards, including ISO/IEC 27001.
    • Recent reports indicate a steady increase in certifications fromĀ 2021 to 2024, with projections suggesting continued growth throughĀ 2033.

Notable Statistics from Recent Reports

  • ISO Survey 2022:
    • The report highlighted that over 50,000 ISO/IEC 27001 certificates were issued globally, with significant contributions from the top countries mentioned above.
  • Growth Rate:
    • The annual growth rate of certifications has been approximatelyĀ 10-15%Ā in recent years, indicating a strong trend towards adopting information security standards.

Resources for Detailed Data

  • ISO Survey: This annual report provides comprehensive statistics on ISO certifications by country and standard.
  • Market Reports: Various market analysis reports offer insights into certification trends and forecasts.
  • Compliance Guides: Websites like ISMS.online provide jurisdiction-specific guides detailing compliance and certification statistics.

The landscape of ISO/IEC 27001 certifications is dynamic, with significant growth observed globally. For the most accurate and detailed historical data, consulting the ISO Survey and specific market reports will be beneficial. If you have a particular country in mind or need more specific data, feel free to ask! 😊

ISO/IEC 27001 Certification Trends in Asia

ISO’s annual surveys show that information-security management (ISO/IEC 27001) certification in Asia has grown strongly over the past decade, led by China, Japan and India. For example, China’s count rose from 8,356 certificates in 2019 (scribd.com) to 26,301 in 2022 (scribd.com) (driven by rapid uptake in large enterprises and government sectors), before dropping to 4,108 in 2023 (when China’s accreditation body did not report data) (oxebridge.com). Japan’s figures were more moderate: 5,245 in 2019, 6,987 in 2022 (scribd.com), and 5,599 in 202 (scribd.com). India’s counts have steadily climbed as well (2,309 in 2019 (scribd.com) to 2,969 in 2022 (scribd.com) and 3,877 in 2023 (scribd.com). Other Asian countries show similar upward trends: for instance, Indonesia grew from 274 certs in 2019 (scribd.com) to 783 in 2023 (scribd.com).

Country20192020202120222023
China8,35612,40318,44626,3014,108
Japan5,2455,6456,5876,9875,599
India2,3092,2262,7752,9693,877
Indonesia274542702822783
Others (Asia)……………

Table: Number of ISO/IEC 27001 certified organizations by country (Asia), year-end totals from ISO surveys (scribd.comscribd.comscribd.com). (China’s 2023 data is low due to missing report (oxebridge.com.)

Top Asian Countries

  • China: Historically the largest ISO/IEC 27001 market in Asia. Its certificate count surged through 2019–22 (scribd.comscribd.com) before the 2023 reporting gap.
  • Japan: Consistently the #2 in Asia. Japan had 5,245 certs in 2019 and ~6,987 by 2022 (scribd.com), dipping to 5,599 in 2023 (scribd.com).
  • India: The #3 Asian country. India grew from 2,309 (2019) (scribd.com) to 2,969 (2022) (scribd.com) and 3,877 (2023) (scribd.com). This reflects strong uptake in IT and financial services.
  • Others: Other notable countries include Indonesia (grew from 274 certs in 2019 to 783 in 2023 (scribd.comscribd.com), Malaysia and Singapore (each a few hundred certs), South Korea (hundreds to low-thousands), Taiwan (700+ certs by 2019) and several Middle Eastern nations (e.g. UAE, Saudi Arabia) that have adopted ISO 27001 in financial/government sectors.

These leading Asian countries typically mirror global trends, but regional factors matter: the huge 2022 jump in China likely reflects aggressive national cybersecurity initiatives. Conversely, the 2023 data distortion underscores how participation (reporting) can affect totals (oxebridge.com).

Sector Adoption

Across Asia, key industries driving ISO/IEC 27001 adoption are those with high information security needs. Market analyses note that IT/telecommunications, banking/finance (BFSI), healthcare and manufacturing are the biggest ISO 27001 markets. In practice, many Asian tech firms, financial institutions and government agencies (plus critical manufacturing exporters) have pursued ISO 27001 to meet regulatory and customer demands. For example, Asia’s financial regulators often encourage ISO 27001 for banks, and major telecom/IT companies in China, India and Japan routinely certify to it. This sectoral demand underpins the regional growth shown above businessresearchinsights.com.

Overall, the ISO data shows a clear upward trend for Asia’s top countries, with China historically leading and countries like India and Japan steadily catching up. The only major recent anomaly was China’s 2023 drop (an ISO survey artifact (oxebridge.com). The chart and table above summarize the year‑by‑year growth for these key countries, highlighting the continued expansion of ISO/IEC 27001 in Asia.

Sources: ISO Annual Survey reports and industry analyses (data as of 2019–2023). The ISO Survey notes that China’s 2023 data were incomplete

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ISO27k Chat bot

If the GenAI chatbot doesn’t provide the answer you’re looking for, what would you expect it to do next?

If you don’t receive a satisfactory answer, please don’t hesitate to reach out to us — we’ll use your feedback to help retrain and improve the bot.


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How to Continuously Enhance Your ISO 27001 ISMS (Clause 10 Explained)

Continual improvement doesn’t necessarily entail significant expenses. Many enhancements can be achieved through regular internal audits, management reviews, and staff engagement. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement, organizations can maintain an ISMS that effectively addresses current and emerging information security risks, ensuring resilience and compliance with ISO 27001 standards.

ISO 27001 Compliance and Certification

ISMS and ISO 27k training

Security Risk Assessment and ISO 27001 Gap Assessment

At DISC InfoSec, we streamline the entire process—guiding you confidently through complex frameworks such as ISO 27001, and SOC 2.

Here’s how we help:

  • Conduct gap assessments to identify compliance challenges and control maturity
  • Deliver straightforward, practical steps for remediation with assigned responsibility
  • Ensure ongoing guidance to support continued compliance with standard
  • Confirm your security posture through risk assessments and penetration testing

Let’s set up a quick call to explore how we can make your cybersecurity compliance process easier.

ISO 27001 certification validates that your ISMS meets recognized security standards and builds trust with customers by demonstrating a strong commitment to protecting information.

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InfoSec services | InfoSec books | Follow our blog | DISC llc is listed on The vCISO Directory | ISO 27k Chat bot | Comprehensive vCISO Services | ISMS Services | Security Risk Assessment Services

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Tags: iso 27001, iso 27001 certification


May 11 2025

Google‘s AI-Powered Countermeasures Against Cyber Scams

Category: AI,Cyber Attack,Cyber crime,Cyber Espionage,Cyber Threatsdisc7 @ 10:50 am

Google recently announced a significant advancement in its fight against online scams, leveraging the power of artificial intelligence. This initiative involves deploying AI-driven countermeasures across its major platforms: Chrome, Search, and Android. The aim is to proactively identify and neutralize scam attempts before they reach users.

Key Features of Google‘s AI-Powered Defense:

  • Enhanced Scam Detection: The AI algorithms analyze various data points, including website content, email headers, and user behavior patterns, to identify potential scams with greater accuracy. This goes beyond simple keyword matching, delving into the nuances of deceptive tactics.
  • Proactive Warnings: Users are alerted to potentially harmful websites or emails before they interact with them. These warnings are context-aware, providing clear and concise explanations of why a particular site or message is flagged as suspicious.
  • Improved Phishing Protection: AI helps refine phishing detection by identifying subtle patterns and linguistic cues often used by scammers to trick users into revealing sensitive information.
  • Cross-Platform Integration: The AI-powered security measures are seamlessly integrated across Google‘s ecosystem, providing a unified defense against scams regardless of the platform being used.

Significance of this Development:

This initiative signifies a crucial step in the ongoing battle against cybercrime. AI-powered scams are becoming increasingly sophisticated, making traditional methods of detection less effective. Google‘s proactive approach using AI is a promising development that could significantly reduce the success rate of these attacks and protect users from financial and personal harm. The cross-platform integration ensures a holistic approach, maximizing the effectiveness of the countermeasures.

Looking Ahead:

While Google‘s initiative is a significant step forward, the fight against AI-powered scams is an ongoing arms race. Cybercriminals constantly adapt their techniques, requiring continuous innovation and improvement in security measures. The future likely involves further refinements of AI algorithms and potentially the integration of other advanced technologies to stay ahead of evolving threats.

This news highlights the evolving landscape ofĀ cybersecurityĀ and the crucial role of AI in both perpetrating and preventing cyber threats.

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Tags: Cyber Scams


May 10 2025

Understanding ISO 27001: Your Guide to Information Security

Category: ISO 27kdisc7 @ 9:57 am

🌟 Today, let’s dive into the world of ISO 27001, a crucial standard for anyone or any organization interested in information security. If you’re looking to protect your organization’s data, this is the gold standard you need to know about!

What is ISO 27001?

ISO 27001 is an international standard that outlines the requirements for establishing, implementing, maintaining, and continually improving an Information Security Management System (ISMS). It was first published in October 2005 and has been updated, with the latest version released in 2022.

Why is it Important?

  1. Risk Management: Helps organizations identify and manage risks to their information.
  2. Compliance: Assists in meeting legal and regulatory requirements.
  3. Trust: Builds confidence with clients and stakeholders by demonstrating a commitment to information security.

Key Components

  • Establishing an ISMS: Setting up a framework to manage sensitive information.
  • Continuous Improvement: Regularly updating and improving security measures.
  • Employee Training: Ensuring everyone in the organization understands their role in maintaining security.

Who Should Consider ISO 27001?

Any organization that handles sensitive information, from small businesses to large corporations, can benefit from ISO 27001. It’s especially relevant for sectors like finance, healthcare, and technology.

In a nutshell, ISO 27001 is all about safeguarding and protecting your information assets and ensuring that your organization is prepared for any security challenges that may arise. So, if you’re serious about protecting your data, this standard is definitely worth considering!

Got any questions about implementing ISO 27001 or how it can benefit your organization? Let’s chat!

Your Quick Guide to ISO 27001 Implementation Steps

Hey there! If you’re diving into the world of information security, you’ve probably heard of ISO 27001. It’s a big deal for organizations looking to protect their data. So, let’s break down the implementation steps in a casual way, shall we?

1. Get Management Buy-In

First things first, you need the support of your top management. This is crucial for securing resources and commitment.

2. Define the Scope

Next, outline what your Information Security Management System (ISMS) will cover. This helps in focusing your efforts.

3. Conduct a Risk Assessment

Identify potential risks to your information assets. This step is all about understanding what you need to protect.

4. Develop a Risk Treatment Plan

Once you know the risks, create a plan to address them. This could involve implementing new controls or improving existing ones.

5. Set Up Policies and Procedures

Document your security policies and procedures. This ensures everyone knows their roles and responsibilities.

6. Implement Controls

Put your risk treatment plan into action by implementing the necessary controls. This is where the rubber meets the road!

7. Train Your Team

Make sure everyone is on the same page. Conduct training sessions to educate your staff about the new policies and procedures.

8. Monitor and Review

Regularly check how well your ISMS is performing. This includes monitoring controls and reviewing policies.

9. Conduct Internal Audits

Schedule audits to ensure compliance with ISO 27001 standards. This helps identify areas for improvement.

10. Management Review

Hold a management review meeting to discuss the audit findings and overall performance of the ISMS.

11. Continuous Improvement

ISO 27001 is all about continuous improvement. Use the insights gained from audits and reviews to enhance your ISMS.

12. Certification

Finally, if you’re aiming for certification, prepare for an external audit. This is the final step to officially becoming ISO 27001 certified!

And there you have it! A quick and easy guide to implementing ISO 27001. Remember, it’s all about protecting your information and continuously improving your processes based on information security risks which align with your business objectives . Got any questions or need more details on a specific step? Just let us know!

How to Leverage Generative AI for ISO 27001 Implementation

ISO27k Chat bot

If the GenAI chatbot doesn’t provide the answer you’re looking for, what would you expect it to do next?

If you don’t receive a satisfactory answer, please don’t hesitate to reach out to us — we’ll use your feedback to help retrain and improve the bot.


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How to Continuously Enhance Your ISO 27001 ISMS (Clause 10 Explained)

Continual improvement doesn’t necessarily entail significant expenses. Many enhancements can be achieved through regular internal audits, management reviews, and staff engagement. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement, organizations can maintain an ISMS that effectively addresses current and emerging information security risks, ensuring resilience and compliance with ISO 27001 standards.

ISO 27001 Compliance and Certification

ISMS and ISO 27k training

Security Risk Assessment and ISO 27001 Gap Assessment

At DISC InfoSec, we streamline the entire process—guiding you confidently through complex frameworks such as ISO 27001, and SOC 2.

Here’s how we help:

  • Conduct gap assessments to identify compliance challenges and control maturity
  • Deliver straightforward, practical steps for remediation with assigned responsibility
  • Ensure ongoing guidance to support continued compliance with standard
  • Confirm your security posture through risk assessments and penetration testing

Let’s set up a quick call to explore how we can make your cybersecurity compliance process easier.

ISO 27001 certification validates that your ISMS meets recognized security standards and builds trust with customers by demonstrating a strong commitment to protecting information.

Feel free to get in touch if you have any questions about the ISO 27001 Internal audit or certification process.

Successfully completing your ISO 27001 audit confirms that your Information Security Management System (ISMS) meets the required standards and assures your customers of your commitment to security.

Get in touch with us to begin your ISO 27001 audit today.

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Tags: InfoSec guide, iso 27001, iso 27001 certification


May 09 2025

How to Leverage Generative AI for ISO 27001 Implementation

Category: Information Security,ISO 27kdisc7 @ 12:45 pm

DISC’s guide on implementing ISO 27001 using generative AI highlights how AI technologies can streamline the establishment and maintenance of an Information Security Management System (ISMS). By leveraging AI tools, organizations can automate various aspects of the ISO 27001 implementation process, enhancing efficiency and accuracy.

AI-powered platforms like DISC InfoSec ISO27k Chatbot serve as intelligent knowledge bases, providing instant answers to queries related to ISO 27001 requirements, control implementations, and documentation. These tools assist in drafting necessary documents such as the Risk assessment and Statement of Applicability, and offer guidance on implementing Annex A controls. Additionally, AI can may facilitate training and awareness programs by generating tailored educational materials, ensuring that all employees are informed about information security practices.

The integration of AI into ISO 27001 implementation not only accelerates the process but also reduces the likelihood of errors, ensuring a more robust and compliant ISMS. By automating routine tasks and providing expert guidance, AI enables organizations to focus on strategic decision-making and continuous improvement in their information security management.

Hey I’m the digital assistance of DISC InfoSec for ISO 27k implementation.

I will try to answer your question. If I don’t know the answer, I will connect you with one my support agents.

Please click the link below to type your query regarding ISO 27001 (ISMS) implementation

ISO27k Chat bot

If the GenAI chatbot doesn’t provide the answer you’re looking for, what would you expect it to do next?

If you don’t receive a satisfactory answer, please don’t hesitate to reach out to us — we’ll use your feedback to help retrain and improve the bot.

The Strategic Synergy: ISO 27001 and ISO 42001 – A New Era in Governance

ISO 27001’s Outdated SoA Rule: Time to Move On

ISO 27001 Compliance: Reduce Risks and Drive Business Value

ISO 27001:2022 Risk Management Steps


How to Continuously Enhance Your ISO 27001 ISMS (Clause 10 Explained)

Continual improvement doesn’t necessarily entail significant expenses. Many enhancements can be achieved through regular internal audits, management reviews, and staff engagement. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement, organizations can maintain an ISMS that effectively addresses current and emerging information security risks, ensuring resilience and compliance with ISO 27001 standards.

ISO 27001 Compliance and Certification

ISMS and ISO 27k training

Security Risk Assessment and ISO 27001 Gap Assessment

At DISC InfoSec, we streamline the entire process—guiding you confidently through complex frameworks such as ISO 27001, and SOC 2.

Here’s how we help:

  • Conduct gap assessments to identify compliance challenges and control maturity
  • Deliver straightforward, practical steps for remediation with assigned responsibility
  • Ensure ongoing guidance to support continued compliance with standard
  • Confirm your security posture through risk assessments and penetration testing

Let’s set up a quick call to explore how we can make your cybersecurity compliance process easier.

ISO 27001 certification validates that your ISMS meets recognized security standards and builds trust with customers by demonstrating a strong commitment to protecting information.

Feel free to get in touch if you have any questions about the ISO 27001 Internal audit or certification process.

Successfully completing your ISO 27001 audit confirms that your Information Security Management System (ISMS) meets the required standards and assures your customers of your commitment to security.

Get in touch with us to begin your ISO 27001 audit today.

ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Controls Explained

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InfoSec services | InfoSec books | Follow our blog | DISC llc is listed on The vCISO Directory | ISO 27k Chat bot | Comprehensive vCISO Services | ISMS Services | Security Risk Assessment Services

Tags: GenAI, iso 27001


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