Apr 29 2025

ISO 27001:2022 Risk Management Steps

Category: Information Security,ISO 27k,Risk Assessment,Security Risk Assessment — disc7 @ 11:08 am

The document “Step-by-Step Explanation of ISO 27001/ISO 27005 Risk Management” by Advisera Expert Solutions offers a comprehensive guide to implementing effective information security risk management in alignment with ISO 27001 and ISO 27005 standards. It aims to demystify the process, providing practical steps for organizations to identify, assess, and treat information security risks efficiently. Advisera

1. Introduction to Risk Management

Risk management is essential for organizations to maintain competitiveness and achieve objectives. It involves identifying, evaluating, and treating risks, particularly those related to information security. The document emphasizes that while risk management can be complex, it doesn’t have to be unnecessarily complicated. By adopting structured methodologies, organizations can manage risks effectively without excessive complexity.

2. Six Basic Steps of ISO 27001 Risk Assessment and Treatment

The risk management process is broken down into six fundamental steps:

Risk Assessment Methodology: Establishing consistent rules for conducting risk assessments across the organization.
Risk Assessment Implementation: Identifying potential problems, analyzing, and evaluating risks to determine which need treatment.
Risk Treatment Implementation: Developing cost-effective strategies to mitigate identified risks.
ISMS Risk Assessment Report: Documenting all activities undertaken during the risk assessment process.
Statement of Applicability: Summarizing the results of risk treatment and serving as a key document for auditors.
Risk Treatment Plan: Outlining the implementation of controls, including responsibilities, timelines, and budgets.

Management approval is crucial for the Risk Treatment Plan to ensure the necessary resources and commitment for implementation.

3. Crafting the Risk Assessment Methodology

Developing a clear risk assessment methodology is vital. This involves defining how risks will be identified, analyzed, and evaluated. The methodology should ensure consistency and objectivity, allowing for repeatable and comparable assessments. It should also align with the organization’s context, considering its specific needs and risk appetite.

4. Identifying Risks: Assets, Threats, and Vulnerabilities

Effective risk identification requires understanding the organization’s assets, potential threats, and vulnerabilities. This step involves creating an inventory of information assets and analyzing how they could be compromised. By mapping threats and vulnerabilities to assets, organizations can pinpoint specific risks that need to be addressed.

5. Assessing Consequences and Likelihood

Once risks are identified, assessing their potential impact and the likelihood of occurrence is essential. This evaluation helps prioritize risks based on their severity and probability, guiding the organization in focusing its resources on the most significant threats. Both qualitative and quantitative methods can be employed to assess risks effectively.

6. Implementing Risk Treatment Strategies

After assessing risks, organizations must decide on appropriate treatment strategies. Options include avoiding, transferring, mitigating, or accepting risks. Selecting suitable controls from ISO 27001 Annex A and integrating them into the Risk Treatment Plan ensures that identified risks are managed appropriately. The plan should detail the implementation process, including responsible parties and timelines.

7. Importance of Documentation and Continuous Improvement

Documentation plays a critical role in the risk management process. The ISMS Risk Assessment Report and Statement of Applicability provide evidence of the organization’s risk management activities and decisions. These documents are essential for audits and ongoing monitoring. Furthermore, risk management should be a continuous process, with regular reviews and updates to adapt to changing threats and organizational contexts.

By following these structured steps, organizations can establish a robust risk management framework that aligns with ISO 27001 and ISO 27005 standards, enhancing their information security posture and resilience.

Information Security Risk Management for ISO 27001/ISO 27002

How to Continuously Enhance Your ISO 27001 ISMS (Clause 10 Explained)

Continual improvement doesn’t necessarily entail significant expenses. Many enhancements can be achieved through regular internal audits, management reviews, and staff engagement. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement, organizations can maintain an ISMS that effectively addresses current and emerging information security risks, ensuring resilience and compliance with ISO 27001 standards.

ISO 27001 Compliance and Certification

ISMS and ISO 27k training

Security Risk Assessment and ISO 27001 Gap Assessment

At DISC InfoSec, we streamline the entire process—guiding you confidently through complex frameworks such as ISO 27001, and SOC 2.

Here’s how we help:

Conduct gap assessments to identify compliance challenges and control maturity
Deliver straightforward, practical steps for remediation with assigned responsibility
Ensure ongoing guidance to support continued compliance with standard
Confirm your security posture through risk assessments and penetration testing

Let’s set up a quick call to explore how we can make your cybersecurity compliance process easier.

Feel free to get in touch if you have any questions about the ISO 27001 Internal audit or certification process.

Successfully completing your ISO 27001 audit confirms that your Information Security Management System (ISMS) meets the required standards and assures your customers of your commitment to security.

Get in touch with us to begin your ISO 27001 audit today.

ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Controls Explained

Preparing for an ISO Audit: Essential Tips and Best Practices for a Successful Outcome

Is a Risk Assessment required to justify the inclusion of Annex A controls in the Statement of Applicability?

Many companies perceive ISO 27001 as just another compliance expense?

ISO 27001: Guide & key Ingredients for Certification

DISC InfoSec Previous posts on ISO27k

ISO certification training courses.

ISMS and ISO 27k training

Difference Between Internal and External Audit

Tags: iso 27001, iso 27005, Risk Assessment, Risk management

Comments (3)

Apr 24 2025

How to Send DKIM-Signed, 100% Legit Phishing Emails — Straight from Google That Bypass Everything

Category: Email Security,Information Security,Phishing — disc7 @ 1:01 pm

A recent revelation by security researcher Nick Johnson highlights a sophisticated phishing technique that exploits Google’s own services—specifically OAuth and Google Sites—to send DKIM-signed phishing emails that appear entirely legitimate. This method allows attackers to craft emails that seem to originate from “no-reply@google.com,” effectively bypassing traditional email security measures and deceiving recipients into divulging sensitive information.

The attack begins with the creation of a malicious Google OAuth application. Attackers manipulate the app’s name field to include deceptive messages, such as fake security alerts, by inserting numerous spaces or line breaks to obscure the true nature of the content. This crafted app name then autofills into legitimate-looking emails sent by Google, lending an air of authenticity to the phishing attempt.

Subsequently, the attackers leverage Google Sites to host convincing phishing pages that mimic official Google interfaces. These pages are designed to harvest user credentials under the guise of legitimate Google services. Because the emails are sent through Google’s infrastructure and are DKIM-signed, they often evade spam filters and other security checks, making them particularly dangerous.

This method is especially concerning because it exploits the inherent trust users place in Google’s services. By utilizing Google’s own platforms to disseminate phishing emails and host malicious content, attackers can effectively bypass many of the safeguards that users and organizations rely on to protect against such threats.

The implications of this technique are far-reaching. It underscores the need for heightened vigilance and more robust security measures, as traditional defenses like DKIM and SPF may not be sufficient to detect and block such sophisticated attacks. Organizations must recognize that even trusted platforms can be manipulated to serve malicious purposes.

To counteract these threats, several measures can be implemented:

User Education: Regular training to help users recognize phishing attempts, even those that appear to come from trusted sources.
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Encouraging or mandating the use of 2FA can add an additional layer of security, making it more difficult for attackers to gain unauthorized access.
Monitoring and Alerts: Implementing systems that monitor for unusual OAuth app creations or sign-in activities can help detect and respond to suspicious behavior promptly.
Email Filtering Enhancements: Updating email filters to scrutinize not just the sender’s address but also the content and context of the message can improve detection rates.
Collaboration with Service Providers: Working closely with platforms like Google to report and address vulnerabilities can lead to quicker resolutions and improved security for all users.

By adopting a multi-faceted approach that combines user awareness, technical safeguards, and proactive collaboration, organizations can better defend against these advanced phishing techniques.

For further details, access the article here

Tags: DKIM-Signed

Comments (0)

Apr 09 2025

How to differentiate between Emulation and Simulation in cyber world

Category: cyber security,Information Security — disc7 @ 10:48 am

Emulation

🔧 Definition: Reproduces the exact behavior of one system on a different system.
🎯 Goal: Act like the real system, often for compatibility.
📦 Example: Running an old video game console on your PC using an emulator.

Key Traits:

Mimics both hardware and software behavior.
Used when accuracy is critical (e.g., legacy system support).
Slower but more faithful to original system.

Simulation

🧪 Definition: Models a system’s behavior to study or predict how it operates.
🎯 Goal: Understand or analyze system behavior, not necessarily replicate it exactly.
📊 Example: Simulating weather patterns or network traffic.

Key Traits:

Abstracts certain behaviors for analysis.
Focused on performance, outcomes, or patterns.
Often used in design, training, or testing.

👥 Analogy:

Emulation is like impersonating someone exactly—their voice, walk, habits.
Simulation is like creating a role-play of their behavior to study how they might act.

🔍 Emulation vs. Simulation: Side-by-Side Comparison

Feature	Emulation	Simulation
Purpose	Replicate exact behavior of a system	Model system behavior to understand, test, or predict outcomes
Accuracy	Very high – mimics original system closely	Approximate – focuses on behavior, not exact replication
Use Case	Compatibility, legacy system testing	Analysis, design, forecasting, training
Speed	Slower due to detailed replication	Faster due to abstraction
System Behavior	Includes full hardware/software behavior	Models only necessary parts of the system
Cybersecurity Example	Emulating malware in a sandbox to observe behavior	Simulating a DDoS attack to test how a network would respond
IT Example	Emulating an older OS to run legacy apps	Simulating network performance under high load
Tools/Tech	QEMU, Bochs, BlueStacks, VirtualBox (with emulation settings)	NS3, GNS3, Packet Tracer, Simulink

The Difference Between Cybersecurity Simulation vs Cybersecurity Emulation

Tags: Emulation vs Simulation

Comments (0)

Apr 05 2025

Why ISO 27001 Is Worth It: A Practical Look at Costs and Benefits

Category: Information Security — disc7 @ 3:00 pm

Investing in ISO 27001: Risk Reduction, Competitive Edge, and Cost Savings

Implementing an Information Security Management System (ISMS) based on the ISO/IEC 27001 standard offers organizations a structured approach to managing information security risks. This system enhances the organization’s ability to handle information security incidents effectively, thereby reducing potential losses and associated costs. By systematically addressing information risks, the ISMS ensures that security measures are aligned with the organization’s specific needs and risk profile.

The adoption of an ISMS leads to a more consistent and comprehensive identification and mitigation of threats and vulnerabilities. This proactive stance not only strengthens existing security controls but also fosters a culture of continuous improvement and awareness among employees. As a result, the organization becomes more resilient and adaptable in the face of evolving cyber threats and uncertainties.

Standardizing information security practices through ISO/IEC 27001 ensures consistency both internally and externally. Internally, it provides a uniform framework across various departments and functions, facilitating coordinated efforts in managing information security. Externally, adherence to internationally recognized standards enhances the organization’s credibility and can lead to competitive advantages in the global market.

The ISMS serves as a solid foundation upon which additional security measures can be built as needed. This scalability allows organizations to tailor their security posture to address specific threats and protect particularly valuable or sensitive information assets effectively. By focusing resources on critical areas, organizations can achieve cost efficiencies while maintaining robust security.

Implementing an ISMS also facilitates better risk communication and understanding among stakeholders. Managers and staff become more familiar with information security concepts, leading to increased competence and a proactive approach to risk management. This heightened awareness contributes to a stronger security culture within the organization.

While there are costs associated with establishing and maintaining an ISMS, many of these expenses would be incurred regardless, as information security is a business imperative. The additional costs specific to the ISMS primarily relate to the initial implementation project, adjustments to governance structures, and optional certification processes. These investments are offset by the long-term benefits of reduced incident-related losses and improved compliance.

Organizations may also experience indirect benefits such as potential reductions in insurance premiums due to the implementation of robust security controls. By demonstrating a commitment to information security through an ISMS, organizations can negotiate more favorable terms with insurers, leading to cost savings.

In summary, adopting an ISMS based on ISO/IEC 27001 standards provides organizations with a systematic and effective framework for managing information security risks. The approach enhances resilience, ensures consistency, and can lead to significant cost savings over time. By embedding information security into the organizational culture, companies can protect their assets more effectively and maintain a competitive edge in today’s digital landscape.

Learn how to turn the Flywheel of ISMS in motion:

ISO 27001 Controls Handbook: Implementing and auditing 93 controls to reduce information security risks

ISO 27001: 2022 Information Security Management System Guide (ISO 27000 Information Security Management)

ISO 27001:2022 Annex A Controls Explained

Preparing for an ISO Audit: Essential Tips and Best Practices for a Successful Outcome

ISO 27001 Risk Assessment Process – Summary

Is a Risk Assessment required to justify the inclusion of Annex A controls in the Statement of Applicability?

Many companies perceive ISO 27001 as just another compliance expense?

Managing Artificial Intelligence Threats with ISO 27001

Implementing and auditing 93 controls to reduce information security risks

The Real Reasons Companies Get ISO 27001 Certified

Compliance per Category ISO 27002 2022

Why Your Organization Needs ISO 27001 Amid Rising Risks

10 key benefits of ISO 27001 Cert for SMBs

ISO 27001: Building a Culture of Security and Continuous Improvement

The Risk Assessment Process and the tool that supports it

What is the significance of ISO 27001 certification for your business?

ISO 27001/2 latest titles

ISO 27k Chat bot

DISC InfoSec is currently conducting market research in the InfoSec space and would greatly value your insights. As a thank you, we’re offering a free 30-minute security consultation to learn how to turn the Flywheel of ISMS in motion:—no strings attached. This offer is only available for the next week before April 11th 2025, so if you’re open to a quick chat, let’s lock in a time ASAP.
Thanks,
https://www.deurainfosec.com/
info@deurainfosec.com

Comments (0)

Mar 28 2025

Preparing for an ISO Audit: Essential Tips and Best Practices for a Successful Outcome

Category: Information Security,Internal Audit,ISO 27k — disc7 @ 2:44 pm

”Preparing for an ISO Audit: Tips and Best Practices” is a comprehensive guide by AuditCo, published in February 2025, aimed at assisting organizations in effectively preparing for ISO audits. The article outlines several key strategies:

Understanding ISO Standards: It emphasizes the importance of familiarizing oneself with the specific ISO standards relevant to the organization.
Conducting a Pre-Audit: The guide recommends performing a self-assessment to identify and address areas of non-compliance before the official audit.
Organizing Documentation: Ensuring that all pertinent documents, such as policies and records, are well-organized and easily accessible is highlighted as a crucial step.
Training Employees: Providing staff with training on the audit process and their respective roles is advised to facilitate a smoother audit experience.
Engaging with Auditors: Establishing open communication with auditors to clarify expectations and address concerns is also recommended.

Additionally, the article suggests best practices like creating an audit checklist, involving top management to demonstrate commitment to compliance, monitoring corrective actions for identified non-conformities, and implementing improvements post-audit to enhance the management system.

For a detailed exploration of these strategies, you can read the full article

Full Preparation Plan for an ISO Audit

1. Understand the ISO Standard :

– Familiarize yourself with the specific ISO standard relevant to your organization (e.g., ISO 27001 for Information Security, ISO 9001 for quality management, ISO 14001 for environmental management, ISO 45001 for occupational health and safety).

– Study the standard requirements and guidelines to fully grasp what is expected.

2. Gap Analysis :

– Conduct a thorough gap analysis to compare your current processes and systems against the ISO standard requirements.

– Identify areas that need improvement and document these gaps.

3. Develop an Implementation Plan :

– Create a detailed plan to address the gaps identified in the gap analysis.

– Assign responsibilities to team members, set timelines, and allocate necessary resources.

4. Training and Awareness :

– Train your employees on the ISO standard requirements and the importance of compliance.

– Ensure that everyone understands their roles and responsibilities related to the ISO standards.

5. Document Control :

– Develop or update documentation to meet ISO requirements, including policies, procedures, work instructions, and records.

– Implement a document control system to manage and maintain these documents efficiently.

6. Internal Audits :

– Conduct internal audits to evaluate your readiness for the ISO audit.

– Identify non-conformities and take corrective actions to address them.

– Internal audits should closely mimic the external audit process.

7. Management Review :

– Hold a management review meeting to assess the effectiveness of your ISO management system.

– Ensure top management is involved and committed to the process.

8. Pre-Audit Assessment :

– If possible, conduct a pre-audit assessment with an external consultant to get an objective evaluation of your readiness.

– Use the feedback to make any necessary adjustments before the actual audit.

9. Audit Logistics :

– Coordinate with the external auditor to schedule the audit.

– Prepare all necessary documentation and ensure key personnel are available during the audit.

10. Continuous Improvement :

– ISO audits are not a one-time event. Implement a culture of continuous improvement to maintain compliance and enhance your management system.

– Regularly review and update your processes and systems to ensure ongoing compliance.

ISO 27001 INTERNAL AUDITS & DATA PROTECTION: STRENGTHENING COMPLIANCE & SECURITY: A Practical Guide to Conducting Internal Audits and Safeguarding Sensitive Data (ISO 27001:2022)

Tags: ISO 27001 Internal Audit, ISO Audit Plan

Comments (7)

Mar 28 2025

Critical Firefox, Tor Browser sandbox escape flaw fixed (CVE-2025-2857)

Category: Information Security — disc7 @ 9:39 am

Mozilla has addressed a critical security vulnerability, CVE-2025-2857, in its Firefox browser for Windows. This flaw, discovered in Firefox’s inter-process communication (IPC) code, allowed a compromised child process to cause the parent process to return an unintended powerful handle, leading to a sandbox escape. The issue was identified after Google’s recent patch of a similar Chrome vulnerability, CVE-2025-2783, exploited by state-sponsored attackers.

To mitigate this vulnerability, Mozilla released updates for Firefox version 136.0.4, Firefox Extended Support Release (ESR) versions 128.8.1, and 115.21.1 for Windows users. Given the potential severity of sandbox escape exploits, users are strongly encouraged to update their browsers promptly to protect against possible attacks.

The Tor Project, which builds its browser on a modified version of Firefox ESR, also released an emergency security update, version 14.0.8, for Windows users. Tor Browser users should update immediately to ensure their security and maintain anonymity online.

This discovery underscores the importance of continuous vigilance in software development and the necessity for developers to proactively assess their codebases, especially when similar platforms encounter security issues. Regular updates and prompt patching are vital in maintaining the security and integrity of software applications.

Users are advised to enable automatic updates and stay informed about the latest security advisories from their software providers. Maintaining up-to-date software is a fundamental step in protecting against emerging threats and ensuring a secure computing environment.

For further details, access the article here

Tor – From the Dark Web to the Future of Privacy

Tor And The Deep Web 2024: The Complete Guide How to Stay Anonymous on the Dark Web

Tor and the Deep Web: Bitcoin, DarkNet & Cryptocurrency

Comments (0)

Mar 26 2025

How to Begin with Cybersecurity Risk Management

Category: Information Security,Risk Assessment,Security program,Security Risk Assessment — disc7 @ 3:13 pm

Cyber security risk management is a critical aspect of data security, underpinning various frameworks and regulations such as GDPR, NIST CSF, and ISO 27001. The process begins by establishing a common vocabulary to ensure clear communication across the organization. Risk in this context typically refers to potential negative outcomes for the organization, with the goal of identifying and mitigating these risks while considering time and cost implications.

When assessing risks, two key factors are considered: likelihood and impact. These need to be clearly defined and quantified to ensure consistent interpretation throughout the organization. Risk levels are often categorized as low, medium, or high, with corresponding color-coding for easy visualization. A low risk might be something the organization can tolerate, while a high risk could have catastrophic consequences requiring immediate action.

Impact categories can include financial, strategic, customer-related, employee-related, regulatory, operational, and reputational aspects. Not all categories apply to every organization, and some may overlap. Defining the values for these categories is crucial for establishing a common language and meeting ISO 27001 requirements for consistent risk assessments.

Financial impact is typically the easiest to define, using currency figures or percentages of annual turnover. Non-financial impacts, such as operational or reputational, require more nuanced definitions. For example, operational impact might be measured by the duration of business disruption, while reputational impact could be assessed based on the level of media interest.

Likelihood categories are usually defined on a scale from “very unlikely” to “very likely,” with clear descriptions of what each category means. These can be based on expected frequency of occurrence, such as annually, monthly, weekly, or daily. Estimating likelihood can be based on past experiences within the organization or industry-wide occurrences.

Using multiple impact categories is important because security is everyone’s responsibility, and different departments may need to assess impact in different terms. For instance, a chemical manufacturer might need to define impact levels in terms of employee health and safety, while other departments might focus on financial or operational impacts.

A risk heat map, which combines likelihood and impact levels, is a useful tool for visualizing risk severity. The highest risk area (typically colored red) represents what would be catastrophic for the organization, regardless of the specific impact category. This approach allows for a comprehensive view of risks across different aspects of the business, enabling more effective risk management strategies.

DISC InfoSec offer free initial high level assessment – Based on your needs DISC InfoSec offer ongoing compliance management or vCISO retainer.

The best approach for SMBs to start the cybersecurity risk management process involves the following steps:

Understand Your Risks:

Conduct a basic risk assessment to identify critical assets, potential threats, and vulnerabilities.
Prioritize risks based on their potential impact and likelihood.

Set Clear Goals:

Define your cybersecurity objectives, such as protecting customer data, complying with regulations, or avoiding downtime.

Develop a Security Policy:

Create a simple, easy-to-follow cybersecurity policy that outlines acceptable use, password management, and data handling practices.

Start with the Basics:

Implement basic cybersecurity measures like using firewalls, antivirus software, and regular system updates.
Use strong passwords and enable multi-factor authentication (MFA).

Train Your Employees:

Provide ongoing security awareness training to help employees recognize phishing, social engineering, and other threats.

Back Up Your Data:

Regularly back up critical data and store it in a secure, offsite location.
Test your backup and recovery process to ensure it works effectively.

Monitor and Respond:

Set up basic monitoring to detect suspicious activity (e.g., failed login attempts).
Establish an incident response plan to know what to do in case of an attack.

Leverage External Resources:

Work with a trusted Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP) or consultant to cover any expertise gaps.
Consider using frameworks like NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF) or CIS Controls for guidance.

Start Small and Scale Up:

Focus on quick wins that provide maximum risk reduction with minimal effort.
Gradually invest in more advanced tools and processes as your cybersecurity maturity grows.

Regularly Review and Update:

Reassess risks, policies, and controls periodically to stay ahead of evolving threats.

This structured approach helps SMBs build a solid foundation without overwhelming resources or budgets.

Cybersecurity Risk Management for Small Businesses

Building a Cyber Risk Management Program: Evolving Security for the Digital Age

Tags: Building a Cyber Risk Management Program, Cybersecurity Risk Management

Comments (0)

Mar 26 2025

You can’t eliminate risk entirely, but you can minimize it

Category: Information Security,Risk Assessment,Security Incident,Security Risk Assessment — disc7 @ 10:03 am

You can’t eliminate risk entirely, but you can minimize it. If a cyberattack occurs, here are three key steps to take:

Plan Ahead:
Create a detailed incident response plan now, involving all key departments (e.g., technical, legal, financial, marketing). Practice it through tabletop exercises to prepare for unexpected scenarios. The better your preparation, the less chaos you’ll face during an attack.
Contact Your Cyber Insurance Company:
Reach out to your cyber insurance provider immediately. They can coordinate response teams, provide legal and regulatory support, handle public relations, negotiate ransoms, assist with technical recovery, and help strengthen security post-incident. Follow their guidance to avoid unnecessary expenses.
Return to Normal Operations:
Once the active threat is contained, declare the incident over and shift your team back to regular duties. Fix vulnerabilities and train staff but avoid staying in “response mode” indefinitely, as it can lead to burnout, distraction, and reduced productivity.

Preparation and thoughtful responses are key to minimizing damage and ensuring a smoother recovery from cyber incidents.

Additional steps to help minimize information security risks:

1. Conduct Regular Risk Assessments

Identify vulnerabilities in your systems, applications, and processes.
Prioritize risks based on their likelihood and potential impact.
Address gaps with appropriate controls or mitigations.

2. Implement Strong Access Controls

Use multi-factor authentication (MFA) for all critical systems and applications.
Follow the principle of least privilege (grant access only to those who truly need it).
Regularly review and revoke unused or outdated access permissions.

3. Keep Systems and Software Up-to-Date

Patch operating systems, software, and firmware as soon as updates are released.
Use automated tools to manage and deploy patches consistently.

4. Train Employees on Security Best Practices

Conduct regular security awareness training, covering topics like phishing, password hygiene, and recognizing suspicious activity.
Simulate phishing attacks to test and improve employee vigilance.

5. Use Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) Solutions

Deploy advanced tools to monitor, detect, and respond to threats on all devices.
Set up alerts for abnormal behavior or unauthorized access attempts.

6. Encrypt Sensitive Data

Use strong encryption protocols for data at rest and in transit.
Ensure proper key management practices are followed.

7. Establish Network Segmentation

Separate critical systems and sensitive data from less critical networks.
Limit lateral movement in case of a breach.

8. Implement Robust Backup Strategies

Maintain regular, secure backups of all critical data.
Store backups offline or in isolated environments to protect against ransomware.
Test recovery processes to ensure backups are functional and up-to-date.

9. Monitor Systems Continuously

Use Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) tools for real-time monitoring and alerts.
Proactively look for signs of intrusion or anomalies.

10. Develop an Incident Reporting Culture

Encourage employees to report security issues or suspicious activities immediately.
Avoid a blame culture so employees feel safe coming forward.

11. Engage in Threat Intelligence Sharing

Join industry groups or forums to stay informed about new threats and vulnerabilities.
Leverage shared intelligence to strengthen your defenses.

12. Test Your Defenses Regularly

Conduct regular penetration testing to identify and fix exploitable weaknesses.
Perform red team exercises to simulate real-world attacks and refine your response capabilities.

By integrating these steps into your cybersecurity strategy, you’ll strengthen your defenses and reduce the likelihood of an incident.

Feel free to reach out if you have any additional questions or feedback.

DISC InfoSec offer free initial high level assessment – Based on your needs DISC InfoSec offer ongoing compliance management or vCISO retainer.

The #1 Risk to Small Businesses: …And How to Minimize it

Tags: eliminate risk, minimize risk

Comments (0)

Mar 25 2025

The Developer’s Playbook for Large Language Model Security Review

Category: AI,Information Security,Security playbook — disc7 @ 12:06 pm

In “The Developer’s Playbook for Large Language Model Security,” Steve Wilson, Chief Product Officer at Exabeam, addresses the growing integration of large language models (LLMs) into various industries and the accompanying security challenges. Leveraging over two decades of experience in AI, cybersecurity, and cloud computing, Wilson offers a practical guide for security professionals to navigate the complex landscape of LLM vulnerabilities.

A notable aspect of the book is its alignment with the OWASP Top 10 for LLM Applications project, which Wilson leads. This connection ensures that the security risks discussed are vetted by a global network of experts. The playbook delves into critical threats such as data leakage, prompt injection attacks, and supply chain vulnerabilities, providing actionable mitigation strategies for each.

Wilson emphasizes the unique security challenges posed by LLMs, which differ from traditional web applications due to new trust boundaries and attack surfaces. The book offers defensive strategies, including runtime safeguards and input validation techniques, to harden LLM-based systems. Real-world case studies illustrate how attackers exploit AI-driven applications, enhancing the practical value of the guidance provided.

Structured to serve both as an introduction and a reference guide, “The Developer’s Playbook for Large Language Model Security” is an essential resource for security professionals tasked with safeguarding AI-driven applications. Its technical depth, practical strategies, and real-world examples make it a timely and relevant addition to the field of AI security.

Sources

The Developer’s Playbook for Large Language Model Security: Building Secure AI Applications

Tags: AI security, Large Language Model

Comments (0)

Mar 25 2025

Cybercriminals Take Advantage Of U.S. Cloud Providers

Category: Cloud computing,Cybercrime,Information Security — disc7 @ 8:51 am

What if cybercriminals could originate their traffic from within the United States — at will?

Cybercriminals from countries like China and Russia are increasingly exploiting U.S.-based cloud services, such as Amazon Web Services and Microsoft Azure, to conduct attacks against American entities. By utilizing infrastructure within the United States, they can circumvent geolocation and IP-based filtering mechanisms that typically scrutinize foreign-originated malicious traffic. This strategy enables them to host deceptive content, including counterfeit trading applications, gambling platforms, and phishing sites targeting U.S. businesses and citizens.

The agility of cloud services allows these malicious actors to rapidly deploy and dismantle their operations. They can establish a harmful environment, execute their schemes within a short timeframe, and then terminate the setup before detection measures can respond effectively. This transient nature of cloud-based attacks complicates efforts to trace and mitigate such threats.

Compounding the issue, cybercriminals often “sublet” their rented cloud infrastructure to other malicious parties. This practice obscures the true origin of attacks and makes it challenging for cloud providers and authorities to identify and hold the actual perpetrators accountable. Multiple malicious activities can emanate from a single public IP address associated with a front company, further hindering effective monitoring and intervention.

In response to these evolving tactics, the U.S. Department of Commerce proposed a rule last year requiring cloud providers to collect data from customers to ascertain whether each potential customer is foreign or U.S.-based. This measure aims to enhance the ability to track and prevent the misuse of U.S. cloud infrastructure by foreign cybercriminals.

The increasing misuse of cloud services underscores the need for more robust security protocols and vigilant monitoring by cloud providers. Implementing stricter verification processes and enhancing the transparency of customer activities are critical steps in mitigating the exploitation of cloud platforms for cyberattacks.

Collaboration between cloud service providers, regulatory bodies, and cybersecurity experts is essential to develop comprehensive strategies that address these threats. By sharing information and resources, stakeholders can better detect, prevent, and respond to the sophisticated use of cloud infrastructure by cybercriminals, thereby safeguarding U.S. businesses and citizens from such malicious activities.

For further details, access the article here Above the Law

Fundamentals of Cloud and Cloud Security

Tags: Cloud providers, Cybercriminals

Comments (0)

Mar 24 2025

State-Sponsored Hackers Exploit Link Files for Espionage

Category: Cyber Espionage,Hacking,Information Security — disc7 @ 10:42 am

Critical Vulnerability in Microsoft Windows Exposed: State-Sponsored Hackers Exploit Link Files for Espionage

A critical vulnerability has been discovered in Microsoft Windows, actively exploited by state-sponsored hackers from North Korea, Russia, Iran, and China. These cyber attackers are leveraging a flaw in Windows’ handling of shortcut (LNK) files to conduct espionage operations.

The exploitation involves crafting malicious LNK files that, when opened, execute arbitrary code without the user’s knowledge. This method allows hackers to infiltrate systems, access sensitive information, and maintain persistent control over compromised networks.

Microsoft has acknowledged the vulnerability and is working on a security patch to address the issue. In the meantime, users and organizations are advised to exercise caution when handling LNK files, especially those received from untrusted sources.

To mitigate potential risks, it is recommended to disable the display of icons for shortcut files and enable the “Show file extensions” option to identify potentially malicious LNK files. Regularly updating antivirus software and conducting system scans can also help detect and prevent exploitation attempts.

This incident underscores the importance of maintaining robust cybersecurity practices and staying informed about emerging threats. Organizations should prioritize timely software updates and employee training to recognize and avoid potential security risks.

As cyber threats continue to evolve, collaboration between software vendors, security researchers, and users is crucial in identifying and addressing vulnerabilities promptly. Proactive measures and vigilance are essential to safeguard against sophisticated cyber espionage activities.

To mitigate this risk, users and organizations are advised to exercise caution with LNK files from untrusted sources, disable icon displays for shortcut files, enable the “Show file extensions” option to identify potentially malicious LNK files, and regularly update antivirus software.

This incident highlights the importance of robust cybersecurity practices and staying informed about emerging threats. Collaboration between software vendors, security researchers, and users is crucial to promptly identify and address vulnerabilities.

For further details, access the article here

The Hacker and the State: Cyber Attacks and the New Normal of Geopolitics

Cyber Mercenaries: The State, Hackers, and Power

Tags: and Power, Cyber Mercenaries: The State, hackers, State-Sponsored Hackers, The Hacker and the State

Comments (0)

Mar 12 2025

ISO 27001: Understanding the 14 Control Sets in Annex A

Category: Information Security — disc7 @ 10:34 am

ISO 27001 provides a structured approach to information security, with Annex A outlining 14 control sets designed to mitigate risks and strengthen security measures. These controls cover key areas such as access control, cryptography, physical security, and incident management, helping organizations build a robust Information Security Management System (ISMS).

Each control set addresses a specific aspect of cybersecurity, from securing IT systems and networks to ensuring business continuity and compliance. By implementing these measures, organizations can effectively manage threats, protect sensitive data, and meet regulatory requirements.

Understanding and applying these controls is crucial for maintaining a resilient security posture. Whether you’re working towards ISO 27001 certification or improving your cybersecurity framework, these control sets provide a solid foundation for safeguarding your organization against evolving risks.

For a detailed breakdown of each control set, check out the full post.

DISC InfoSec latest 5 posts on ISO27k category

Is a Risk Assessment required to justify the inclusion of Annex A controls in the Statement of Applicability?

Many companies perceive ISO 27001 as just another compliance expense?

ISO 27001: Guide & key Ingredients for Certification

An Overview of ISO/IEC 27001:2022 Annex A Security Controls

Managing Artificial Intelligence Threats with ISO 27001

Explore the rest of our posts on ISO 27000 for more insights.

Comments (0)

Mar 10 2025

Foundation-level training courses, enabling participants to gain essential qualifications in just one day

Category: Information Security,Security training — disc7 @ 11:22 am

IT Governance USA is currently offering a 25% discount on selected foundation-level training courses, enabling participants to gain essential qualifications in just one day. These courses are designed to provide a structured learning path from Foundation to Advanced levels for IT, privacy, and security practitioners, helping them develop the necessary skills for best-practice IT security and governance, and to comply with contractual and regulatory requirements.

Voucher code: FOUND25
Valid until: March, 31 2025

Deep link: https://tidd.ly/3FdkeDG

Key Features of the Training Programs:

Flexible Delivery Options: Courses are available in various formats, including Live Online, self-paced online, e-learning, and in-house sessions, allowing participants to choose the mode that best fits their schedules and learning preferences.
Expert Instruction: Training is delivered by experienced practitioners with extensive practical experience in designing and implementing management systems based on ISO standards, best practices, and regulations.
Structured Learning Paths: The courses offer a progression from Foundation to Advanced levels, supporting career development with industry-recognized ISO 17024-certificated qualifications awarded by organizations such as BCS Professional Certification, (ISC)²®, ISACA®, APMG-International, and the International Board for IT Governance Qualifications (IBITGQ).

By taking advantage of this limited-time offer, professionals can enhance their knowledge and skills in IT governance, information security, and related fields, thereby advancing their careers and contributing to their organizations’ compliance and best practice initiatives.

Previous posts on security training

ITGovernance #CyberSecurityTraining #InfoSec #ITCompliance #ISOStandards #GovernanceRiskCompliance #ISOCertification #ITSecurity #ProfessionalDevelopment #OnlineTraining #SecurityAwareness #RiskManagement #CISO #ISACA #ITTraining

Comments (0)

Mar 09 2025

Advancements in AI have introduced new security threats, such as deepfakes and AI-generated attacks.

Category: AI,Information Security — disc7 @ 10:42 pm

Deepfakes & Their Risks:

Deepfakes—AI-generated audio and video manipulations—are a growing concern at the federal level. The FBI warned of their use in remote job applications, where voice deepfakes impersonated real individuals. The Better Business Bureau acknowledges deepfakes as a tool for spreading misinformation, including political or commercial deception. The Department of Homeland Security attributes deepfakes to deep learning techniques, categorizing them under synthetic data generation. While synthetic data itself is beneficial for testing and privacy-preserving data sharing, its misuse in deepfakes raises ethical and security concerns. Common threats include identity fraud, manipulation of public opinion, and misleading law enforcement. Mitigating deepfakes requires a multi-layered approach: regulations, deepfake detection tools, content moderation, public awareness, and victim education.

Synthetic data is artificially generated data that mimics real-world data but doesn’t originate from actual events or real data sources. It is created through algorithms, simulations, or models to resemble patterns, distributions, and structures of real datasets. Synthetic data is commonly used in fields like machine learning, data analysis, and testing to preserve privacy, avoid data scarcity, or to train models without exposing sensitive information. Examples include generating fake images, text, or numerical data.

Chatbots & AI-Generated Attacks:

AI-driven chatbots like ChatGPT, designed for natural language processing and automation, also pose risks. Adversaries can exploit them for cyberattacks, such as generating phishing emails and malicious code without human input. Researchers have demonstrated AI’s ability to execute end-to-end attacks, from social engineering to malware deployment. As AI continues to evolve, it will reshape cybersecurity threats and defense strategies, requiring proactive measures in detection, prevention, and response.

AI-Generated Attacks: A Growing Cybersecurity Threat

AI is revolutionizing cybersecurity, but it also presents new challenges as cybercriminals leverage it for sophisticated attacks. AI-generated attacks involve using artificial intelligence to automate, enhance, or execute cyberattacks with minimal human intervention. These attacks can be more efficient, scalable, and difficult to detect compared to traditional threats. Below are key areas where AI is transforming cybercrime.

1. AI-Powered Phishing Attacks

Phishing remains one of the most common cyber threats, and AI significantly enhances its effectiveness:

Highly Personalized Emails: AI can scrape data from social media and emails to craft convincing phishing messages tailored to individuals (spear-phishing).
Automated Phishing Campaigns: Chatbots can generate phishing emails in multiple languages with perfect grammar, making detection harder.
Deepfake Voice & Video Phishing (Vishing): Attackers use AI to create synthetic voice recordings that impersonate executives (CEO fraud) or trusted individuals.

Example:
An AI-generated phishing attack might involve ChatGPT writing a convincing email from a “bank” asking a victim to update their credentials on a fake but authentic-looking website.

2. AI-Generated Malware & Exploits

AI can generate malicious code, identify vulnerabilities, and automate attacks with unprecedented speed:

Malware Creation: AI can write polymorphic malware that constantly evolves to evade detection.
Exploiting Zero-Day Vulnerabilities: AI can scan software code and security patches to identify weaknesses faster than human hackers.
Automated Payload Generation: AI can generate scripts for ransomware, trojans, and rootkits without human coding.

Example:
Researchers have shown that ChatGPT can generate a working malware script by simply feeding it certain prompts, making cyberattacks accessible to non-technical criminals.

3. AI-Driven Social Engineering

Social engineering attacks manipulate victims into revealing confidential information. AI enhances these attacks by:

Deepfake Videos & Audio: Attackers can impersonate a CEO to authorize fraudulent transactions.
Chatbots for Social Engineering: AI-powered chatbots can engage in real-time conversations to extract sensitive data.
Fake Identities & Romance Scams: AI can generate fake profiles for fraudulent schemes.

Example:
An employee receives a call from their “CEO,” instructing them to wire money. In reality, it’s an AI-generated voice deepfake.

4. AI in Automated Reconnaissance & Attacks

AI helps attackers gather intelligence on targets before launching an attack:

Scanning & Profiling: AI can quickly analyze an organization’s online presence to identify vulnerabilities.
Automated Brute Force Attacks: AI speeds up password cracking by predicting likely passwords based on leaked datasets.
AI-Powered Botnets: AI-enhanced bots can execute DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks more efficiently.

Example:
An AI system scans a company’s social media accounts and finds key employees, then generates targeted phishing messages to steal credentials.

5. AI for Evasion & Anti-Detection

AI helps attackers bypass security measures:

AI-Powered CAPTCHA Solvers: Bots can bypass CAPTCHA verification used to prevent automated logins.
Evasive Malware: AI adapts malware in real time to evade endpoint detection systems.
AI-Hardened Attack Vectors: Attackers use adversarial machine learning to trick AI-based security tools into misclassifying threats.

Example:
A piece of AI-generated ransomware constantly changes its signature to avoid detection by traditional antivirus software.

Mitigating AI-Generated Attacks

As AI threats evolve, cybersecurity defenses must adapt. Effective mitigation strategies include:

AI-Powered Threat Detection: Using machine learning to detect anomalies in behavior and network traffic.
Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA): Reducing the impact of AI-driven brute-force attacks.
Deepfake Detection Tools: Identifying AI-generated voice and video fakes.
Security Awareness Training: Educating employees to recognize AI-enhanced phishing and scams.
Regulatory & Ethical AI Use: Enforcing responsible AI development and implementing policies against AI-generated cybercrime.

Conclusion

AI is a double-edged sword—while it enhances security, it also empowers cybercriminals. Organizations must stay ahead by adopting AI-driven defenses, improving cybersecurity awareness, and implementing strict controls to mitigate AI-generated threats.

Artificial intelligence – Ethical, social, and security impacts for the present and the future

Is Agentic AI too advanced for its own good?

Why data provenance is important for AI system

Clause 4 of ISO 42001: Understanding an Organization and Its Context and Why It Is Crucial to Get It Right.

Managing Artificial Intelligence Threats with ISO 27001

Tags: CyberSecurity #AIThreats #Deepfake #AIHacking #InfoSec #AIPhishing #DeepfakeDetection #Malware #AI #CyberAttack #DataSecurity #ThreatIntelligence #CyberAwareness #EthicalAI #Hacking

Comments (1)

Feb 23 2025

Clause 4 of ISO 42001: Understanding an Organization and Its Context and Why It Is Crucial to Get It Right.

Category: AI,Information Security — disc7 @ 10:50 pm

AI is reshaping industries by automating routine tasks, processing and analyzing vast amounts of data, and enhancing decision-making capabilities. Its ability to identify patterns, generate insights, and optimize processes enables businesses to operate more efficiently and strategically. However, along with its numerous advantages, AI also presents challenges such as ethical concerns, bias in algorithms, data privacy risks, and potential job displacement. By gaining a comprehensive understanding of AI’s fundamentals, as well as its risks and benefits, we can leverage its potential responsibly to foster innovation, drive sustainable growth, and create positive societal impact.

This serves as a template for evaluating internal and external business objectives (market needs) within the given context, ultimately aiding in defining the right scope for the organization.

Why Clause 4 in ISO 42001 is Critical for Success

Clause 4 (Context of the Organization) in ISO/IEC 42001 is fundamental because it sets the foundation for an effective AI Management System (AIMS). If this clause is not properly implemented, the entire AI governance framework could be misaligned with business objectives, regulatory requirements, and stakeholder expectations.

1. It Defines the Scope and Direction of AI Governance

Clause 4.1 – Understanding the Organization and Its Context ensures that AI governance is tailored to the organization’s specific risks, objectives, and industry landscape.

Without it: The AI strategy might be disconnected from business priorities.
With it: AI implementation is aligned with organizational goals, compliance, and risk management.

Clause 4 of ISO/IEC 42001:2023 (AI Management System Standard) focuses on the context of the organization. This clause requires organizations to define internal and external factors that influence their AI management system (AIMS). Here’s a breakdown of its key components:

1. Understanding the Organization and Its Context (4.1)

Identify external and internal issues that affect the AI Management System.
External factors may include regulatory landscape, industry trends, societal expectations, and technological advancements.
Internal factors can involve corporate policies, organizational structure, resources, and AI capabilities.

2. Understanding the Needs and Expectations of Stakeholders (4.2)

Identify stakeholders (customers, regulators, employees, suppliers, etc.).
Determine their needs, expectations, and concerns related to AI use.
Consider legal, regulatory, and contractual requirements.

3. Determining the Scope of the AI Management System (4.3)

Define the boundaries and applicability of AIMS based on identified factors.
Consider organizational units, functions, and jurisdictions in scope.
Ensure alignment with business objectives and compliance obligations.

4. AI Management System (AIMS) and Its Implementation (4.4)

Establish, implement, maintain, and continuously improve the AIMS.
Ensure it aligns with organizational goals and risk management practices.
Integrate AI governance, ethics, risk, and compliance into business operations.

Why This Matters

Clause 4 ensures that organizations build their AI governance framework with a strong foundation, considering all relevant factors before implementing AI-related controls. It aligns AI initiatives with business strategy, regulatory compliance, and stakeholder expectations.

Here are the options:

4.1 – Understanding the Organization and Its Context
4.2 – Understanding the Needs and Expectations of Stakeholders
4.3 – Determining the Scope of the AI Management System (AIMS)
4.4 – AI Management System (AIMS) and Its Implementation

Breakdown of “Understanding the Organization and its context”

Detailed Breakdown of Clause 4.1 – Understanding the Organization and Its Context (ISO 42001)

Clause 4.1 of ISO/IEC 42001:2023 requires an organization to determine internal and external factors that can affect its AI Management System (AIMS). This understanding helps in designing an effective AI governance framework.

1. Purpose of Clause 4.1

The main goal is to ensure that AI-related risks, opportunities, and strategic objectives align with the organization’s broader business environment. Organizations need to consider:

How AI impacts their operations.
What external and internal factors influence AI adoption, governance, and compliance.
How these factors shape the effectiveness of AIMS.

2. Key Requirements

Organizations must:

Identify External Issues:
These are factors outside the organization that can impact AI governance, including:
- Regulatory & Legal Landscape – AI laws, data protection (e.g., GDPR, AI Act), industry standards.
- Technological Trends – Advancements in AI, ML frameworks, cloud computing, cybersecurity.
- Market & Competitive Landscape – Competitor AI adoption, emerging business models.
- Social & Ethical Concerns – Public perception, ethical AI principles (bias, fairness, transparency).
Identify Internal Issues:
These factors exist within the organization and influence AIMS, such as:
- AI Strategy & Objectives – Business goals for AI implementation.
- Organizational Structure – AI governance roles, responsibilities, leadership commitment.
- Capabilities & Resources – AI expertise, financial resources, infrastructure.
- Existing Policies & Processes – AI ethics policies, risk management frameworks.
- Data Governance & Security – Data availability, quality, security, and compliance.
Monitor & Review These Issues:
- These factors are dynamic and should be reviewed regularly.
- Organizations should track changes in external regulations, AI advancements, and internal policies.

3. Practical Implementation Steps

Conduct a PESTLE Analysis (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, Environmental) to map external factors.
Perform an Internal SWOT Analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) for AI capabilities.
Engage Stakeholders (leadership, compliance, IT, data science teams) in discussions about AI risks and objectives.
Document Findings in an AI context assessment report to support AIMS planning.

4. Why It Matters

Clause 4.1 ensures that AI governance is not isolated but integrated into the organization’s strategic, operational, and compliance frameworks. A strong understanding of context helps in:
✅ Reducing AI-related risks (bias, security, regulatory non-compliance).
✅ Aligning AI adoption with business goals and ethical considerations.
✅ Preparing for evolving AI regulations and market demands.

Implementation Examples & Templates for Clause 4.1 (Understanding the Organization and Its Context) in ISO 42001

Here are practical examples and a template to help document and implement Clause 4.1 effectively.

1. Example: AI Governance in a Financial Institution

Scenario:

A bank is implementing an AI-based fraud detection system and needs to assess its internal and external context.

Step 1: Identify External Issues

Category	Identified Issues
Regulatory & Legal	GDPR, AI Act (EU), banking compliance rules.
Technological Trends	ML advancements in fraud detection, cloud AI.
Market Competition	Competitors adopting AI-driven risk assessment.
Social & Ethical	AI bias concerns in fraud detection models.

Step 2: Identify Internal Issues

Category	Identified Issues
AI Strategy	Improve fraud detection efficiency by 30%.
Organizational Structure	AI governance committee oversees compliance.
Resources	AI team with data scientists and compliance experts.
Policies & Processes	Data retention policy, ethical AI guidelines.

Step 3: Continuous Monitoring & Review

Quarterly regulatory updates for AI laws.
Ongoing performance evaluation of AI fraud detection models.
Stakeholder feedback sessions on AI transparency and fairness.

2. Template: AI Context Assessment Document

Use this template to document the context of your organization.

AI Context Assessment Report

📌 Organization Name: [Your Organization]
📌 Date: [MM/DD/YYYY]
📌 Prepared By: [Responsible Person/Team]

1. External Factors Affecting AI Management System

Factor Type	Description
Regulatory & Legal	[List relevant laws & regulations]
Technological Trends	[List emerging AI technologies]
Market Competition	[Describe AI adoption by competitors]
Social & Ethical Concerns	[Mention AI ethics, bias, transparency challenges]

2. Internal Factors Affecting AI Management System

Factor Type	Description
AI Strategy & Objectives	[Define AI goals & business alignment]
Organizational Structure	[List AI governance roles]
Resources & Expertise	[Describe team skills, tools, and funding]
Data Governance	[Outline data security, privacy, and compliance]

3. Monitoring & Review Process

Frequency of Review: [Monthly/Quarterly/Annually]
Responsible Team: [AI Governance Team / Compliance]
Methods: [Stakeholder meetings, compliance audits, AI performance reviews]

Next Steps

✅ Integrate this assessment into your AI Management System (AIMS).
✅ Update it regularly based on changing laws, risks, and market trends.
✅ Ensure alignment with ISO 42001 compliance and business goals.

Keep in mind that you can refine your context and expand your scope during your next internal/surveillance audit.

Managing Artificial Intelligence Threats with ISO 27001

Adversarial AI Attacks, Mitigations, and Defense Strategies: A cybersecurity professional’s guide to AI attacks, threat modeling, and securing AI with MLSecOps

Some AI frameworks have remote code execution as a feature – explore common attack vectors and mitigation strategies

Basic Principle to Enterprise AI Security

Adversarial AI Attacks, Mitigations, and Defense Strategies: A cybersecurity professional’s guide to AI attacks, threat modeling, and securing AI with MLSecOps

New regulations and AI hacks drive cyber security changes in 2025

Threat modeling your generative AI workload to evaluate security risk

How CISOs Can Drive the Adoption of Responsible AI Practices

Hackers will use machine learning to launch attacks

To fight AI-generated malware, focus on cybersecurity fundamentals

4 ways AI is transforming audit, risk and compliance

Artificial Intelligence Hacks

ISO certification training courses.

ISMS and ISO 27k training

🚀 Unlock Your AI Governance Expertise with ISO 42001! 🎯

Are you ready to lead in the world of AI Management Systems? Get certified in ISO 42001 with our exclusive 20% discount on top-tier e-learning courses – including the certification exam!

✅ ISO 42001 Foundation – Master the fundamentals of AI governance.
✅ ISO 42001 Lead Auditor – Gain the skills to audit AI Management Systems.
✅ ISO 42001 Lead Implementer – Learn how to design and implement AIMS.

📌 Accredited by ANSI National Accreditation Board (ANAB) through PECB, ensuring global recognition.

🎯 Limited-time offer – Don’t miss out! Contact us today to secure your spot. 🚀

Tags: ISO 42001, ISO 42001 Clause 4, ISO 42001 Foundation, ISo 42001 Lead Auditor, ISO 42001 lead Implementer

Comments (1)

Feb 07 2025

Why you may want to consider Quantitative Risk Assessment

Category: Information Security — disc7 @ 10:55 am

When evaluating the likelihood of an event, a precise numerical probability is more informative than a vague qualitative description. Imagine you’re at a doctor’s office, and the doctor says, “Your cholesterol levels are a bit high.” That’s vague—how high is “a bit”? Now, if the doctor says, “Your cholesterol level is 220 mg/dL, which puts you at a 30% higher risk of heart disease,” you have a clear, actionable understanding of your health. The same applies to cybersecurity—quantitative risk assessments provide precise, measurable data that help businesses make informed decisions, whereas qualitative assessments leave too much room for interpretation.

Many small and medium-sized businesses overlook cybersecurity, assuming they are too insignificant to be targeted. However, research shows that unsecured devices connected to the internet face attack attempts every 39 seconds. Without proactive security measures, businesses risk breaches, phishing attacks, and downtime. The challenge for many companies is determining where to start and which risks to prioritize, given limited resources.

A cybersecurity risk assessment helps businesses understand their vulnerabilities. While qualitative risk assessments categorize risks into vague levels such as “low,” “medium,” or “high,” quantitative risk assessments assign specific probabilities and financial impacts to threats. This approach enables companies to make more informed decisions based on concrete data rather than subjective judgments.

Quantitative risk assessments use statistical methods to calculate risk exposure. Analysts assess each risk, determine its likelihood, and estimate financial losses with a 90% confidence interval. This enables companies to see a clear dollar-based estimate of potential losses, making cybersecurity threats more tangible. Additionally, numerical risk assessments allow organizations to prioritize threats based on their financial impact.

Advanced mathematical models, such as Monte Carlo simulations, help forecast long-term risks. By simulating thousands of potential cybersecurity incidents, businesses can predict worst-case scenarios and refine their risk mitigation strategies. Unlike qualitative assessments, which rely on subjective interpretation, quantitative models provide objective, data-driven insights that enhance decision-making.

Why Quantitative Assessment is Superior

Quantitative risk assessments offer three key advantages over qualitative methods. First, they eliminate ambiguity by assigning numerical values to risks, making cybersecurity planning more precise. Second, they help prioritize threats logically, ensuring that organizations allocate resources effectively. Third, they facilitate communication with executives and stakeholders by translating cybersecurity risks into financial terms. Given these benefits, businesses should adopt a quantitative approach to cybersecurity risk management to make smarter, more informed decisions.

Quantitative Risk Management: Concepts, Techniques and Tools

Adding Value with Adding Value with Risk-Based Information Security

ISO 27001 clauses 6.1.2 and 6.1.3 on information security risk assessment should be relocated to clause 8

The Risk Assessment Process and the tool that supports it

A step-by-step guide to risk management following ISO 27001 and ISO 27005 standards

Not all information security risks translate directly to business risks

Pragmatic ISO 27001 Risk Assessments

4 ways AI is transforming audit, risk and compliance

How to Address AI Security Risks With ISO 27001

AI Risk Management

Understanding Compliance With the NIST AI Risk Management Framework

Tags: Quantitative Cyber Risk Management, Quantitative Risk Management

Comments (0)

Feb 06 2025

🔥 The Battle for Your Business Security: Are You Ready? 🔥

Category: Information Security,vCISO — disc7 @ 10:10 am

Cyber Threats & Compliance Nightmares

Hackers, compliance fines, and security gaps—these relentless enemies are constantly evolving, waiting for the perfect moment to strike. They threaten your business, your reputation, and your bottom line.

You, the Business Leader

You’ve built something great. You’re responsible for its success, its growth, and its security. But the ever-changing cybersecurity landscape is a battlefield—one that requires a strategic, expert approach to win.

The Guide: Your vCISO

Every hero needs a trusted guide. A vCISO (Virtual Chief Information Security Officer) is your secret weapon—an experienced security leader who provides the roadmap based on industry best practice framework, tools, and strategies to defeat cyber threats, mitigate risks and keep your business secure.

The Mission: Secure Your Business—Information Assets

Arm yourself for success against cyber threats...

For a limited time, we’re offering a FREE 30-Minutes vCISO Strategy session to help you:
✅ Identify your top security risks. Know where your risks are to meet them head on.
✅ Strengthen your compliance posture. Don’t get surprised by those regulators.
✅ Get a clear action plan to protect your business.

This is your chance to turn the tide in the battle against cyber threats—but time is running out.

⏳ Claim Your Free vCISO Consultation Now! ⏳

The CISO Playbook

We need to redefine and broaden the expectations of the CISO role

Defining the SOW and Legal Framework for a vCISO Engagement

The ripple effects of regulatory actions on CISO reporting

How CIOs, CTOs, and CISOs view cyber risks differently

Why CISOs face greater personal liability

What are the Common Security Challenges CISOs Face?

How vCISO Services Empower SMBs

How Professional Service Providers Can Add vCISO Service

Why Choose vCISO Services?

Enhance Your Security Framework with DISC LLC

5 key tasks for a vCISO to accomplish in the first three months

Expertise in Virtual CISO (vCISO) Services

In what situations would a vCISO or CISOaaS service be appropriate?

The Elemental Truth of vCISO Services: vCISO Guide for Small & Mid Sized Businesses

The Phantom CISO: Time to step out of the shadow

vCISO Guide for Small & Mid Sized Businesses

DISC LLC is listed on Cynomi vCISO Directory

DISC InfoSec vCISO Services

Tags: CISOs, vCISO, vCISO services

Comments (5)

Feb 04 2025

Summary of The Ultimate Guide to Structuring and Selling vCISO Services

Category: Information Security — disc7 @ 12:09 pm

This guide from Cynomi provides a comprehensive roadmap for structuring and selling Virtual Chief Information Security Officer (vCISO) services. It covers key aspects such as market demand, pricing strategies, service delivery models, and business growth tactics.

Key Takeaways:

Growing Demand for vCISO Services
- Small and mid-sized businesses (SMBs) increasingly seek vCISOs due to budget constraints and evolving cybersecurity threats.
- Ransomware attacks and regulatory requirements drive demand for outsourced security leadership.
Structuring vCISO Services
- Offer tiered service packages (basic, standard, premium) to cater to different client needs.
- Focus on risk assessment, policy development, compliance, security awareness training, and incident response planning.
- Automate assessments and reporting to scale service delivery efficiently.
Pricing Models
- Subscription-based pricing (monthly/annual) ensures predictable revenue.
- Project-based pricing for one-time engagements like compliance audits.
- Value-based pricing, where fees align with risk reduction and business impact.
Sales and Go-to-Market Strategy
- Position vCISO services as a proactive solution rather than a cost burden.
- Leverage case studies and cybersecurity statistics to demonstrate value.
- Partner with MSPs/MSSPs to expand reach and integrate services.
Operational Efficiency
- Utilize cybersecurity frameworks (NIST, ISO 27001) to streamline service offerings.
- Automate risk assessments, policy generation, and compliance tracking to reduce workload.
- Maintain ongoing client engagement through regular reporting and strategy updates.
Scaling and Differentiation
- Specialize in industries with high compliance needs (e.g., healthcare, finance).
- Use AI-driven tools to enhance service quality and responsiveness.
- Continuously refine service packages based on market trends and client feedback.

Conclusion:

To successfully offer vCISO services, firms must structure their offerings strategically, price them effectively, and leverage automation for scalability. By focusing on value-driven sales and efficient service delivery, vCISO providers can build a sustainable and profitable business.

Cybersecurity is an ongoing journey, not a one-time goal. The first step toward a secure future is recognizing the ever-changing threat landscape and proactively safeguarding your business. Let DISC InfoSec assess your current security posture by conducting a comprehensive security evaluation. Identifying vulnerabilities and security gaps will enable you to prioritize efforts and make informed investment decisions to strengthen your defenses.

For further details, access the article – Cynomi Guide: How to Sell vCISO Services

Aligning Security Strategy with the Right Cybersecurity Framework

As a vCISO, ensuring that client’s security strategy aligns with the appropriate cybersecurity framework is essential. Frameworks offer structured guidelines and best practices that help organizations effectively manage and mitigate cybersecurity risks.

The first step is to understand the client’s industry, location, and regulatory obligations. Different industries and regions have specific compliance requirements that dictate which frameworks are most relevant. Identifying these factors ensures compliance and helps select a framework that supports both regulatory adherence and business objectives.

To determine the right framework, consider:

Industry and geographic regulations:
- Healthcare: HIPAA
- InfoSec Industry Best Practice: ISO 27001
- Finance: PCI-DSS, NYS DFS, or DORA (EU)
- Defense: NIST SP 800-171, CMMC
- General businesses handling EU data: GDPR
Existing compliance needs: If a client is already adhering to certain regulations, choosing a framework that aligns with those requirements simplifies integration and enhances security maturity.

By selecting the right framework, organizations can strengthen their cybersecurity posture, meet regulatory demands, and align security efforts with business goals.

Revitalizing your cybersecurity program starts with building a strong case
for change

DISC InfoSec vCISO Services

https://www.deurainfosec.com/disc-infosec-home/vciso-services/

The CISO Playbook

We need to redefine and broaden the expectations of the CISO role

Defining the SOW and Legal Framework for a vCISO Engagement

The ripple effects of regulatory actions on CISO reporting

How CIOs, CTOs, and CISOs view cyber risks differently

Why CISOs face greater personal liability

What are the Common Security Challenges CISOs Face?

How vCISO Services Empower SMBs

How Professional Service Providers Can Add vCISO Service

Why Choose vCISO Services?

Enhance Your Security Framework with DISC LLC

5 key tasks for a vCISO to accomplish in the first three months

Expertise in Virtual CISO (vCISO) Services

In what situations would a vCISO or CISOaaS service be appropriate?

The Elemental Truth of vCISO Services: vCISO Guide for Small & Mid Sized Businesses

The Phantom CISO: Time to step out of the shadow

vCISO Guide for Small & Mid Sized Businesses

DISC LLC is listed on Cynomi vCISO Directory

Tags: Cynomi, vCISO

Comments (0)

Jan 21 2025

Revitalizing your cybersecurity program starts with building a strong case
for change

Category: CISO,Information Security,vCISO — disc7 @ 4:08 pm

The document highlights the comprehensive vCISO (virtual Chief Information Security Officer) services offered by DISC LLC to help organizations build and strengthen their security programs. Here’s a summarized rephrasing:

Key Services:

InfoSec Consultancy: Tailored solutions to protect businesses from cyber threats.
Security Risk Assessment: Identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities in IT infrastructures.
Cybersecurity Risk Management: Proactively managing and reducing cyber risks.
ISO 27001 Compliance: Assistance in achieving certification through robust risk management.
ISMS Risk Management: Developing resilient Information Security Management Systems.

Approach:

DISC LLC specializes in bridging the gap between an organization’s current security posture (“as-is”) and its desired future state (“to-be”) through:

Gap assessments to evaluate maturity levels.
Strategic roadmaps for transitioning to a higher level of maturity.
Implementing essential policies, procedures, and defensive technologies.
Continuous testing, validation, and long-term improvements.

Why Choose DISC LLC?

Expertise from seasoned InfoSec professionals.
Customized, business-aligned security strategies.
Proactive risk detection and mitigation.

Their services also include compliance readiness, managed detection & response (MDR), offensive control validation (penetration testing), and oversight of security tools. DISC LLC emphasizes continuous improvement and building a secure future.

For more details, contact DISC LLC or explore their resources.

The second page outlines DISC LLC’s approach to revitalizing cybersecurity programs through their vCISO services, focusing on gap assessments, strategy development, and continuous improvement. Here’s a concise summary and rephrased version:

Key Highlights:

Assess Current State: Evaluate the “as-is” security maturity level and identify gaps compared to the desired “to-be” future state.
Define Objectives: Build a strong case for enhancing cybersecurity and set a clear vision for the organization’s future security posture.
Strategic Roadmap: Create a transition plan detailing the steps needed to achieve the target state, including technical, management, and operational controls.
Implementation:
- Recruit key personnel.
- Deploy essential policies, procedures, and defensive technologies (e.g., XDR, logs).
- Establish critical metrics for performance tracking.
Continuous Improvement: Regular testing, validation, and strengthening of controls to reduce cyber risks and support long-term transformation.

Services Offered:

vCISO Services: Strategy and program leadership.
Gap Assessments: Identify and address security maturity gaps.
Compliance Readiness: Prepare for standards like ISO and NIST.
Managed Detection & Response (MDR): Proactive threat management.
Offensive Control Validation: Penetration testing services.

DISC LLC emphasizes building a secure future through tailored solutions, ongoing program enhancement, and leveraging advanced technologies. For more details, they encourage reaching out via their provided contact information.

CISO – Steering Through a Maze of Responsibilities

https://www.deurainfosec.com/disc-infosec-home/vciso-services/

The CISO Playbook

We need to redefine and broaden the expectations of the CISO role

Defining the SOW and Legal Framework for a vCISO Engagement

The ripple effects of regulatory actions on CISO reporting

How CIOs, CTOs, and CISOs view cyber risks differently

Why CISOs face greater personal liability

What are the Common Security Challenges CISOs Face?

How vCISO Services Empower SMBs

How Professional Service Providers Can Add vCISO Service

Why Choose vCISO Services?

Enhance Your Security Framework with DISC LLC

5 key tasks for a vCISO to accomplish in the first three months

Expertise in Virtual CISO (vCISO) Services

In what situations would a vCISO or CISOaaS service be appropriate?

The Elemental Truth of vCISO Services: vCISO Guide for Small & Mid Sized Businesses

The Phantom CISO: Time to step out of the shadow

vCISO Guide for Small & Mid Sized Businesses

DISC LLC is listed on Cynomi vCISO Directory

Tags: Infosec consultancy, isms, iso 27001, Security Risk Assessment, vCISO

Comments (1)

Dec 09 2024

A Spy in Your Pocket?

Category: Cyber Spy,Information Security,Spyware — disc7 @ 11:16 am

Ronan Farrow Exposes Secrets of High-Tech Spyware in New Film “Surveilled”

Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist Ronan Farrow and filmmaker Matthew O’Neill explore the alarming world of high-tech surveillance in their HBO documentary Surveilled. Farrow’s interest began after being tracked by Black Cube, an Israeli private intelligence firm, during his investigation of Harvey Weinstein’s misconduct. This experience led him to uncover more advanced surveillance technologies, including Pegasus spyware.

The documentary highlights Pegasus’s misuse by authoritarian regimes and democratic states like Greece, Poland, and Spain, targeting journalists and dissidents. Farrow interviews a former NSO Group employee, the makers of Pegasus, revealing its widespread abuse.

Farrow also uncovers that U.S. agencies under both the Biden and Trump administrations considered using such spyware. However, the full extent of its deployment remains unclear, raising concerns about unchecked surveillance practices globally.

Ronan Farrow Exposes Secrets of High-Tech Spyware in New Film “Surveilled”

How a Spy in Your Pocket Threatens the End of Privacy, Dignity, and Democracy

#Pegasus #nso #endofprivacy

used by repressive regimes to spy on

#diplomats, #humanrightsdefenders, #lawyers, #politicalopponents, and #journalists.

Tags: NSO Group, NSO’s Pegasus, Pegasus

Comments (0)

« Previous Page — Next Page »

ISO certification training courses.

Emulation

Simulation

👥 Analogy:

🔍 Emulation vs. Simulation: Side-by-Side Comparison

Full Preparation Plan for an ISO Audit

The best approach for SMBs to start the cybersecurity risk management process involves the following steps:

Additional steps to help minimize information security risks:

1. Conduct Regular Risk Assessments

2. Implement Strong Access Controls

3. Keep Systems and Software Up-to-Date

4. Train Employees on Security Best Practices

5. Use Endpoint Detection and Response (EDR) Solutions

6. Encrypt Sensitive Data

7. Establish Network Segmentation

8. Implement Robust Backup Strategies

9. Monitor Systems Continuously

10. Develop an Incident Reporting Culture

11. Engage in Threat Intelligence Sharing

12. Test Your Defenses Regularly

Deepfakes & Their Risks:

Chatbots & AI-Generated Attacks:

AI-Generated Attacks: A Growing Cybersecurity Threat

1. AI-Powered Phishing Attacks

2. AI-Generated Malware & Exploits

3. AI-Driven Social Engineering

4. AI in Automated Reconnaissance & Attacks

5. AI for Evasion & Anti-Detection

Mitigating AI-Generated Attacks

Conclusion

This serves as a template for evaluating internal and external business objectives (market needs) within the given context, ultimately aiding in defining the right scope for the organization.

Why Clause 4 in ISO 42001 is Critical for Success

1. It Defines the Scope and Direction of AI Governance

1. Understanding the Organization and Its Context (4.1)

2. Understanding the Needs and Expectations of Stakeholders (4.2)

3. Determining the Scope of the AI Management System (4.3)

4. AI Management System (AIMS) and Its Implementation (4.4)

Why This Matters

Detailed Breakdown of Clause 4.1 – Understanding the Organization and Its Context (ISO 42001)

1. Purpose of Clause 4.1

2. Key Requirements

3. Practical Implementation Steps

4. Why It Matters

Implementation Examples & Templates for Clause 4.1 (Understanding the Organization and Its Context) in ISO 42001

1. Example: AI Governance in a Financial Institution

Scenario:

Step 1: Identify External Issues

Step 2: Identify Internal Issues

Step 3: Continuous Monitoring & Review

2. Template: AI Context Assessment Document

AI Context Assessment Report

1. External Factors Affecting AI Management System

2. Internal Factors Affecting AI Management System

3. Monitoring & Review Process

Next Steps

Keep in mind that you can refine your context and expand your scope during your next internal/surveillance audit.

ISO certification training courses.

🚀 Unlock Your AI Governance Expertise with ISO 42001! 🎯

Why Quantitative Assessment is Superior

Cyber Threats & Compliance Nightmares

You, the Business Leader

The Guide: Your vCISO

The Mission: Secure Your Business—Information Assets

Key Takeaways:

Conclusion:

Aligning Security Strategy with the Right Cybersecurity Framework

Key Services:

Approach:

Why Choose DISC LLC?

Key Highlights:

Services Offered:

Ronan Farrow Exposes Secrets of High-Tech Spyware in New Film “Surveilled”

Ronan Farrow Exposes Secrets of High-Tech Spyware in New Film “Surveilled”

Get new posts by email:

vCISO as a service